<p>The Pueblo Mountains are a remote mountain range in the United States located mostly in southeastern Oregon and partially in northwestern Nevada. The highest point in the range is Pueblo Mountain. The dominant vegetation throughout is grasses and big sagebrush; however, there are meadows with cottonwood, aspen, and willow groves along some stream drainages. Most of the range is public land administered by the Bureau of Land Management. There is very little human development in the Pueblo Mountains, and most visitors come for backpacking cross-country, camping, and hunting.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Pueblo Mountains in Harney County, Oregon, and Humboldt County, Nevada, are part of the Basin and Range Province of the Western United States, which is characterized by a series of parallel fault blocks forming long north–south-oriented mountain ranges separated by wide, high-desert valleys. The Steens-Pueblo block fault represents the northernmost extension of these structures. The Pueblo fault is not as massive as Steens Mountain; however, it is tilted at a 45-degree angle, a much greater angle than the Steens fault. This accounts for the relatively high elevation of the range&#39;s main ridgeline, which averages 7,300 ft above sea level along its crest.</p><br>
<p>The mountains are composed of the same basalt that blankets much of southeastern Oregon. Much older metamorphic rocks lie under the more recent basalt flows. These older rocks are exposed along the range’s east-facing escarpment and may be related to some of the Triassic formations of the Blue Mountains to the north. These strata have diorite and granodiorite intrusions, probably formed in the Cretaceous Period.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The Pueblo Mountains cover an area of 356 square miles (including surrounding low-lying terrain), running 30 mi north to south and 22 mi east to west. The highest peak in the range is Pueblo Mountain, which is 8,632 ft above sea level at its summit. It is located in Oregon, 8 mi north of the Nevada state line. Just west of Pueblo Mountain is West Pueblo Ridge. The ridge is a westward-tilted escarpment that runs the length of the Pueblo Mountains. At 8,420 ft, the peak of West Pueblo Ridge is the second highest point in the range.</p><br>
<p>The landscape is characterized by rugged ridges with steep escarpments deeply cut by seasonal drainages. The ridges are separated by high-desert basins. There are meadows around spring areas. Machine Meadow and 10 Cent Meadow are two of the largest meadows. The Pueblo Mountains have only a few streams that flow year-round. These include Van Horn Creek and Denio Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The vegetation in the Pueblo Mountains is dominated by big sagebrush and desert grasses. Common grass species include Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, cheatgrass, Thurbers needlegrass, mountain brome, Sandbergs bluegrass, and bottlebrush squirreltail. There are high mountain meadows around springs and narrow riparian greenways that follow the year-round streams. Some greenway areas have cottonwood, aspen, and willow groves. Meadow and high-desert wildflowers found in the Pueblo Mountains include larkspur, Indian paintbrush, cinquefoil, shooting star, columbines, monkey flower, asters, buttercups, low pussytoe, lupin, arrowleaf balsamroot, penstemon, agoseris, draba, mariposa lily, sego lilies, evening primrose, and iris.</p><br>
<p>The wildlife in the Pueblo Mountains is adapted to the high-desert environment. Pronghorn are common in the open, sagebrush-covered basins, while mule deer like the cottonwood and willow groves. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife released bighorn sheep in the Pueblo Mountains in 1976, 1980, and 1983. Today, they can be found on the steep slopes and high rim rocks. Jackrabbits, antelope ground squirrels, bushy-tailed woodrats, and coyotes are common throughout the range, as are small-footed myotis bats. Beavers can be found in 10 Cent Meadow and several mountain streams as well as riparian areas in the Van Horn Basin. Bird species native to the Pueblo Mountains include the sage grouse, canyon wren, rock wren, valley quail, and chukar. There are also larger birds like golden eagles, red-tailed hawks, turkey vultures, and ravens that ride the thermals above the mountains. There are also rare Whitehorse Basin cutthroat trout in both Van Horn Creek and Denio Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Human uses</h2><br>
<p>Most land in the Pueblo Mountains is managed by the federal Bureau of Land Management. The entire mountain range is quite remote; as a result, there are few visitors. Hiking, camping, hunting, horseback riding, wildlife viewing, and photography are the most popular activities. There are also grazing allotments and mining claims in the mountains.</p><br>
<p>While there is no designated wilderness area in the Pueblo Mountains, traveling in the mountains can be very challenging. The Desert Trail runs through the mountains; however, it is not a developed hiking trail. The route is simply marked by rock cairns that serve as guideposts, allowing hikers to trek cross-country over the high-desert terrain from one marker to the next. The cairns were built as a cooperative venture between the Bureau of Land Management, the Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, and the Desert Trail Association (a private organization). The Desert Trail Association publishes a topographic map for hikers that gives directions for orienteering from cairn to cairn.</p><br>
<p>Cattle and sheep grazing in the Pueblo Mountains began when the first ranches were established along the eastern edge of the mountains in the mid-1860s. Today, the Bureau of Land Management oversees grazing allotments in the area. Cattle can be found grazing in some mountain meadows and on open rangeland during the spring and summer.</p><br>
<p>Miners were among the first to explore the Pueblo Mountains. There are at least 18 locations where mining took place in the past. However, commercial mining has never been successful in the area. Today, there are still valid mining claims in some parts of the Pueblo Mountains along with a few abandoned miners&#39; cabins.</p><br>
<p>Wind power is now being explored in the Pueblo Mountains. In 2006, the Bureau of Land Management approved a wind energy test at a 468 acre site in the Pueblo Mountains. The test allowed a private wind energy company to install, operate, and maintain two meteorological poles. The test equipment on the poles monitors weather conditions in the area to determine if winds would be strong and steady enough for commercial development. In 2009, the Bureau of Land Management renewed the test permit for an additional three years.</p><br>
<p>First Baptist Church of Augusta is a Baptist church in Augusta, Georgia. The original location is now a historical site, and the church is currently located on Walton Way.</p><br>
<h2>Baptists Praying Society</h2><br>
<p>According to the earliest church records, the Baptists Praying Society was established when "In the year 1817, Jesse D. Green, a layman, was active in gathering together the few scattered Baptists in Augusta, and, after holding one or more preliminary meetings, the brethren and sisters, to the number of eighteen, had drawn up and adopted a covenant, to which they affixed their names." In May 1817, they congregated in the court house. A few years later in 1820, Rev, Wm. T. Brantly was chosen for the pastoral office, and he undertook erecting a brick house at 802 Greene St., at a cost of $20,000. It was dedicated on May 6, 1821.</p><br>
<p>The Southern Baptist Convention was formed at a meeting May 1845 in this church.</p><br>
<h2>Historical marker</h2><br>
<p>A historical marker was erected outside the church by Georgia Historical Commission in 1956. (Marker Number 121–29.) It is inscribed as follows:</p><br>
<p>In March 1817, eight men and two women meeting in an Augusta home formed "The Baptist Praying Society of Augusta" - the forerunner of the First Baptist Church. Two months later the society was constituted a church under the leadership of the first minister, Wm. T. Brantley, this property was purchased in 1870. A church on this site was dedicated May 26, 1821. In 1845, after serious friction arose in the national Triennial Convention, 327 delegates from eight southern states and the District of Columbia met here to form the Southern Baptist Convention. This building was erected in 1902.</p><br>
<h2>Greene Street building</h2><br>
<p>In 1975 the congregation moved to another site in Augusta on Walton Way, and the old church building was sold to the Southern Baptist Non-Profit Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Southern Baptist Convention erected an identification marker on the grounds in 1984, noting this as the site of the convention&#39;s founding.</p><br>
<p>By 2003, the building was owned by the Southern Baptist Restoration Foundation, and the Southern Bible Seminary had started using the building to hold classes.</p><br>
<h2>Pastors</h2><br>
<p>The list of pastors of this church are:</p><br>
<p>Wm. T. Brantly (1820–1826)</p><br>
<p>James Shannon (1826–1829)</p><br>
<p>C. D. Mallory (1829–1835)</p><br>
<p>W. J. Hard (1835–1839)</p><br>
<p>Wm T. Brantly, Jr. (1840–1848)</p><br>
<p>N. J. Foster (1849)</p><br>
<p>C. B. Jannett (1849-1851)</p><br>
<p>Dr. J. G. Binney (1852–1855)</p><br>
<p>J. E. Ryerson (1855–1860)</p><br>
<p>Dr. A. J. Huntington (1860–1865)</p><br>
<p>J. H. Cuthbert (1865-1867)</p><br>
<p>James Dixon ( 1869-1874)</p><br>
<p>M. B. Wharton (1875)</p><br>
<p>W. W. Landrum (Feb. 18, 1876- 1882)</p><br>
<p>Dr. Lansing Burrors (1883-1899)</p><br>
<p>Dr. Sparks W. Melton (1900-1909)</p><br>
<p>Dr. M. Ashby Jones (1909-1917)</p><br>
<p>Dr. William Vines (1917-1918)</p><br>
<p>Dr. Edward L. Grace (1919-1927)</p><br>
<p>Dr. Fredrick Smith (1927-1936)</p><br>
<p>Dr. R. Paul Caudill (1937-1944)</p><br>
<p>Dr. A. Warren Huyck (1944-1953)</p><br>
<p>Dr.Robert Jackson Robinson (basketball & Baylor) (1953–1974)</p><br>
<p>Dr. George Balentine (1975-1982)</p><br>
<p>Dr. Charles Bugg (1982-1989)</p><br>
<p>Dr. Timothy Owings (1990-2003)</p><br>
<p>Dr. Greg DeLoach (2005–Present)</p><br>
<p>Union Station, also known as Albany Union Station, is a building in downtown Albany, New York on the corner of Broadway and Steuben Street. Built during 1899–1900, it originally served as the city&#39;s railroad station but now houses bank offices. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP application asserted:</p><br>
<p>Perhaps no other building has been so important to the growth of Albany during the twentieth century as Union Station. It was designed in 1899 by Sheply, Rutan and Coolidge, the successors to the firm of H.H. Richardson and the designers of the newly completed South Station in Boston and Union Station in Springfield, Massachusetts. The construction was carried out by Norcross Brothers, who were considered to be one of the finest contractors of the period.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The station received 96 trains per day in 1900 and 121 per day during World War II. It was the Capital Districts main railroad station until December 1968. Built primarily to serve the New York Centrals passenger trains, it also hosted the services of the Delaware & Hudson. In 1968 the Albany-Rensselaer Rail Station opened across the river in Rensselaer.</p><br>
<p>In 1986 Peter Kiernan, president of Norstar Bankcorp Inc, moved the headquarters of the Fortune 500 bank from Guilderland, New York, to Union Station in Albany, and contracted the architecture firm EYP Architecture & Engineering to complete a $14.5 million renovation of the historic building. This renovation of Union Station is documented in a book that also details the history of the station. During construction a bottle was discovered hanging on a nail behind a plaster wall ornament; inside was a note dated August 12, 1900. Signed by "AA Johnsen. Foreman," the note mentioned the names of the workers and companies involved in the original construction. It listed the workers&#39; wages as 45 cents per hour. Kiernan then placed a new time capsule regarding this construction behind another plaster ornament on an upper floor. Kiernan died later that year, and in 1989 the corporation renamed the building Peter D. Kiernan Plaza in his honor. At the end of 1999, shortly after Fleet purchased BankBoston to become FleetBoston Financial, the new company decided to spend a total of $25 million on new software, hardware, and electrical, heating, and cooling systems for the building.</p><br>
<p>In 2004 Bank of America bought FleetBoston and kept the building. The next year, the bank sold Kiernan Plaza to American Financial Realty Trust and leased the building back. In 2008 American Financial Realty Trust was bought out by Gramercy Realty Corp. and in October 2009 Bank of America decided to consolidate its operations at Kiernan Plaza with others in Albany by moving them to a State Street building also owned by Gramercy, with no job losses.</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Albany Historic District is a 19-block, 66 acre area of Albany, New York, United States, centered on the junction of State  and North and South Pearl streets . It is the oldest settled area of the city, originally planned and settled in the 17th century, and the nucleus of its later development and expansion. In 1980 it was designated a historic district by the city and then listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Its 160 buildings are a mix of tall commercial buildings on the main streets and small houses on the side. Most were built between 1880 and 1930, the districts period of significance, with some dating to the 1810s. All major streets have a major building as their focal point. Several contributing properties have been listed on the Register in their own right, and one designated a National Historic Landmark. Albanys earliest skyscrapers were built here, including one that was the citys tallest at the time of its completion. The current mix of buildings reflects the citys peak of industrial prosperity in the Gilded Age, with many built by banks, as well as the citys status as New Yorks state capital.</p><br>
<p>It has been displaced in the citys skyline by later construction, particularly by the Empire State Plaza, the modernist home of New Yorks state government. Urban renewal programs of the late 20th century largely bypassed the district for political reasons. As a result, its historic buildings are mostly intact, although some have been compromised through neglect.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is an irregular area, shaped like a rough crescent. It is centered along the axes of North and South Pearl (NY 32) and State (NY 5 west of Pearl) streets. A combination of natural features, streets, and legal boundaries serves to delineate it. Downtown is located to the northeast of and downhill from the modernist towers of Empire State Plaza, and east of the state capitol.</p><br>
<p>On the east it is bounded by the Hudson River and Interstate 787, with Eagle Street its western side (excluding City Hall, the state Court of Appeals and the county courthouse). To the north, the boundary follows Columbia Street to Chapel Street, then north to Sheridan Street. It continues east to North Pearl and then follows rear lot lines along the north side of Columbia to Broadway and out to I-787, then turns south.</p><br>
<p>At the district&#39;s southern tip, it comes inland again to Pruyn Street, which it follows for a block to Liberty Street and then turns north to Hudson Avenue, where it follows an irregular route along property lines to Norton Street. Here it continues west to South Pearl, and after a short twist to the north it follows Howard Street west. At William Street it turns south again, and then follows some property lines west to Beaver Street across from the Times Union Center. At Wendell Street it turns north to Howard and follows Howard west back to Eagle.</p><br>
<p>This area takes in 19 blocks and parts of several others. James and Steuben streets, as well as Maiden Lane, are included in their entirety along with some narrow alleys within blocks. The area is totally developed, with many multistory buildings used as office space with storefronts at street level. Open space between them and on the edges is used for parking lots. There are no significant parks or squares within it.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Downtown has always been the center of Albany from its founding in the 17th century. Its built environment did not take its present form until the late 19th. Since then it has remained relatively stable, with some decaying buildings facing demolition pressure as part of redevelopment efforts.</p><br>
<h3>Colonial and Revolutionary period</h3><br>
<p>The area within the district was the same as that originally settled by the Dutch in the 17th century north of Fort Orange, a high area between two ravines that have since been filled in. It became British in 1664 and was renamed Albany, in honor of King James II, Duke of Albany prior to his coronation.</p><br>
<p>The grid plan of the area&#39;s streets was laid out at this time, although it was mostly unbuilt as the city was within a stockade. Most commercial buildings at the time, primarily warehouses, were located on what is now Broadway. The 1815 Coulson Building at 420 Broadway, the oldest building in the district, is typical of that kind of construction. The inland blocks were residential.</p><br>
<p>Albany was a point of contention during both the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, and the New York State Legislature met there in 1780 after British occupation ended. In 1797 it was designated the state capital.</p><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>More residences were built, primarily to be rented to lawyers and legislators working in the capitol and the courts. The city began to expand and annex surrounding land to handle its growth. The opening of the Erie Canal in the 1820s and the development of railroads in later decades made the city a transportation hub, and as its commercial power and the states grew it assumed more political importance. Smaller buildings remained the norm along the side streets, with churches springing up next to them. Richard Upjohns French Gothic St. Peters Episcopal Church on State, finished in 1860, is considered one of his best churches. Another church, St. Marys, by the local firm of Nicholls and Brown, became the focal point of a neighborhbood of small houses on and near Lodge Street. Richard Upjohns French Gothic St. Peters Episcopal Church on State, finished in 1860, is considered one of his best churches.</p><br>
<p>In the years after the Civil War commercial interests started building taller and more massive edifices along North Pearl and State streets. Albany native Edward Ogden designed the 1873 Kenmore Hotel on North Pearl, and expanded it in 1891 with Queen Anne touches. His 1889 Albany Business College building opposite the Kenmore likewise uses the Richardsonian Romanesque style. Another local architect, Albert Puller, had given downtown the YMCA building at 60 North Pearl, in that style three years earlier</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>The Albany architect who had the greatest impact on the district was Marcus T. Reynolds, with six buildings, most of them from the early 20th century. The most prominent is his 1914 headquarters for the Delaware and Hudson Railway on the east side of Broadway. A copy of the Cloth Hall in the Belgian city of Ypres, it has become an icon of the city, often mistaken by first-time visitors for the state capitol.</p><br>
<p>It serves as a focal point when looking east down State Street. Two of Reynolds&#39; other buildings in the district, the 1897 First Trust Company Building at State and Broadway, and the 1902 United Traction Company Building at Broadway and Columbia, similarly guide the eye down Broadway as it bends.</p><br>
<p>Architects from New York City also built in Albany. In 1875, Russell Sturgis had designed the Victorian Gothic bank building at 63 State Street, and it was paired with a neoclassical bank building by York and Sawyer a quarter-century later at 60 State. Henry Ives Cobb incorporated the 1803 façade of Philip Hookers State Bank of Albany building into a 16-story office building at North Pearl and State. Near the end of the period of significance, Dennison and Hirons Art Deco Home Savings Bank Building was the tallest in Albany at the time of its 1927 completion. It was quickly displaced from that title by the state government&#39;s Alfred E. Smith Building the next year.</p><br>
<p>No major building took place downtown in the 1930s due to the combination of it being built out and the slowdown in construction occasioned by the onset of the Great Depression. When the economy regained its footing after World War II, the focus of new development had shifted to outlying areas and then the suburbs. Downtown remained a popular place for politicians and those who associated with them to patronize, but otherwise began to decline in a similar fashion as other old Northeastern cities.</p><br>
<p>A 1969 redevelopment plan identified the "obsolete street plan" and lack of quality parking as a source of downtown&#39;s problems. It proposed reconfiguring the streets to coordinate better with the expressways proposed for the area at the time. A large pedestrian mall was proposed for the area between Chapel and Broadway, with the intervening blocks of Steuben, Pearl and Pine to be closed off to vehicles. A platform was to cross the interstate and provide a pedestrian link to marinas and apartments along the river. To make up for the lost streets, Chapel would have become North Pearl, and a bridge would be built to extend Eagle Street to Clinton Avenue at Ten Broeck Street. Eventually, it was hoped, a people mover system would be built to link Empire Plaza and downtown, with new parking garages on the fringes, one of which would have required rerouting Liberty Street and Hudson Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The old buildings were spared the fate of demolition through urban renewal as the citys political machine under Daniel P. OConnell mostly eschewed the federal funding for such projects since the federal government would award contracts, limiting the city machines patronage. New development in the center of Albany instead took the form of what was originally known as the "South Mall Project" proposed by Governor Nelson Rockefeller. This cleared 98 acre southwest of downtown for a complex centered on five tall state office buildings in high modernist style. When completed in the late 1970s, Empire State Plaza became the new centerpiece of the citys skyline, and Erastus Corning Tower its tallest building. The Delaware and Hudson moved out of its building following the decline in its industry, and after a few years of vacancy it was purchased by the state to become the main headquarters of the State University of New York.</p><br>
<h3>21st century</h3><br>
<p>In the late 1980s Sebba Rockaway, a British developer, proposed to demolish a row of buildings, all contributing, at 136–40 State Street and replace them with a 14-story office complex. Preservationists objected, but the city granted permission. The project was later canceled when Sebba failed to find tenants for the property. A decade later, it put forth a similar expanded proposal, which would have demolished not only the original properties but the long-vacant Wellington Row which includes the Wellington and Berkshire hotels, as well as the former Albany Elks lodge.</p><br>
<p>This time the preservationists sued the city to stop the demolition. The buildings continued to deteriorate, and in 2004 a section of State Street was closed since part of the Wellington&#39;s cornice was in danger of falling into it. A new owner, Columbia Development Companies, bought the properties and finally reached a compromise that preserved the façades of the Wellington and the other State Street buildings, with the new office building to rise behind them. Demolition began in 2009.</p><br>
<p>New construction or expansion within the district is reviewed by the citys Historic Resources Commission (HRC), a group of nine citizens with an interest in architecture, history or historic preservation appointed by the mayor. The HRC also considers new city landmark designations. The area also comes under the purview of several of Albanys neighborhood associations.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Six of the district&#39;s properties are listed on the National Register in their own right, and one is a National Historic Landmark. There are several others that are notable.</p><br>
<h3>National Historic Landmark</h3><br>
<p>St. Peter&#39;s Episcopal Church, 107 State Street. Richard Upjohn and his son designed this church completed in 1860, for a congregation founded in 1704. It is in French Gothic revival style and considered one of his best churches. The remains of Lord Howe were interred under the vestibule; he is the only British Lord buried in the United States. It was listed on the Register in 1972 and then designated an NHL eight years later.</p><br>
<h3>National Register of Historic Places</h3><br>
<p>Delaware and Hudson Railroad Company Building, Broadway and State Street. Currently used as the headquarters of the State University of New York, this is downtown Albany&#39;s best-known building. It is a copy of the 13th-century Flemish Gothic Cloth Hall in Ypres, Belgium, built in 1913 by local architect Marcus F. Gilbert.</p><br>
<p>Old Post Office, Broadway and State Street. The Renaissance Revival design of this 1883 post office was a less expensive substitute for the larger structure originally planned before the land turned out to be far more expensive than expected.</p><br>
<p>First Trust Company Building, Broadway and State. A 1902 Gilbert building in the classic Beaux Arts style.</p><br>
<p>St. Marys Church, 10 Lodge Street. When built in 1869 by Nichols and Brown, this third building to house the citys oldest Catholic church was an early application of the Romanesque Revival. Upon completion of its 175 ft tower in the 1890s it became the first Albany church with electric lighting.</p><br>
<p>United Traction Company Building, Broadway and Columbia. 1902 Beaux Arts Gilbert building that also serves as a focal point going down Columbia Street.</p><br>
<p>Van Ostrande–Radliff House oldest building in Albany, added to register in 2008.</p><br>
<p>YMCA Building, 60 North Pearl. An 1886 Richardsonian Romanesque building by Albert Fuller.</p><br>
<h3>Other notable buildings</h3><br>
<p>Coulson Building, 420 Broadway. This warehouse, built in 1815 and expanded later in the century.</p><br>
<p>Home Savings Bank Building. A 1927 Art Deco skyscraper that was Albany&#39;s tallest when built by Denisson and Hirons. It is one of the newest contributing properties in the district.</p><br>
<p>Kenmore Hotel, Columbia and North Pearl Street. With the demolition or redevelopment of the other hotels, this Edward Ogden-designed 1873 building, renovated 13 years later, is the only one of downtown&#39;s 19th-century hotels remaining mostly intact. It has been an office building since 1986.</p><br>
<p>National State Bank Building, 60 State Street. A Classical Revival "temple of finance" designed by York and Sawyer in 1901.</p><br>
<p>R.B. Wing Building, 384 Broadway. Local architect Walter Van Guysling&#39;s Dutch Colonial Revival building brought that style back to the district in 1913.</p><br>
<p>Albany Masonic Temple, the oldest continuously owned Masonic property in the United States.</p><br>
<p>James T. Foley United States Courthouse, 445 Broadway, built 1931-1934 in the Art Deco style.</p><br>
<p>The Anyangcheon is a river in Gyeonggi-do and Seoul, South Korea. It has its source on the slopes of Mount Gwanggyo in the city of Uiwang and flows north, through the city of Gunpo, where a major cleanup operation saw several species of birds return to the area in 2005. Here, though, the water table remains depleted. The river then flows through Anyang City, where it is met by its major tributary, the Hakuicheon stream. From here, it loops around to the west before continuing north to the border with Gwangmyeong City. As the river passes to the west of Mount Gwanak, it forms the border between Gwangmyeong and Seoul, where it is lined on the Gwangmyeong side with rape fields and cherry blossom trees. After the stream is joined near Guil Station from the west by the Mokgamcheon stream, which forms another border between Gwangmyeong and Seoul, it is then totally within the capital. Here, it is also joined from the east by the Dorimcheon and passes through a conservation zone for migratory birds which was established after a 2005 cleanup operation, whereafter it joins the Han. Most of the length of the river has a path alongside providing easy access, the only parts without this lying in Uiwang. Seoul City Council has embarked on a programme of exclusive cycle path creation alongside its waterways, including the Anyangcheon, to be completed in 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The Anyangcheon is home to a variety of wildlife. The dominant fish of the river are Zacco platypus (freshwater minnow) and Rhynchocypris oxycephalus in the more upstream areas near the source, and Carassius auratus (goldfish) further downstream, by Gwangmyeong. A conservation area has been established close to the confluence with the Han River, where the footpath is set back from the riverside to leave migratory birds a more natural setting.</p><br>
<p>Claremont in Port Gibson, Mississippi is a historic Federal-style -story house that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>It is a center hall plan house with a gallery to the rear. It is surrounded by live oak trees with Spanish moss.</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1826 by Judge Joshua G. Clarke (d. 1828), who was the first judge appointed to the Mississippi Supreme Court judge.</p><br>
<p>It has been described as a "fine example of the late Federal style applied to a moderately sized country house".</p><br>
<p>Clarke&#39;s descendant J. Cavitt Clarke III wrote: "As a sign of his success, about 1826, Judge Clarke built Claremont, among the first of the larger homes near Port Gibson." (citing Ed Polk Douglas, ed., Architecture in Claiborne County, Mississippi: A Selective Guide (Jackson: Mississippi Dept. of Archives and History, 1974), page 72. )</p><br>
<p>The Rapp Road Community Historic District is located in the Pine Bush area of Albany, New York. It is a 14 acre residential neighborhood. In 2002 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was established in the 1920s by Rev. Louis W. Parson, an African American minister, and his wife, who had moved north from Mississippi in the Great Migration out of the rural South to industrial cities, originally settling in Albany&#39;s South End. He was followed by other members of his congregation. Neither he nor they liked urban life much, and eventually he bought the land along Rapp Road where they all moved.</p><br>
<p>Half of the original purchase was taken by the state for road projects in the 1970s. The remaining half, todays historic district, has many of the original buildings. Most of the original families descendants still live there. It is a rare intact example of a chain migration community from the Great Migration, although many such communities formed in northern cities.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Rapp Road is located in the long, narrow western protrusion of Albany known as the Pine Bush. The portion of the street on which the district is located lies between Pine Lane and the South Frontage Road of Washington Avenue Extension. It is just north of the boundary between the city and the Town of Guilderland.</p><br>
<p>To the southeast is Crossgates Mall. Wooded lands on the east and west serve as a buffer between the historic district and the mall and various other commercial and office developments in those directions. It is isolated from any other residential neighborhoods by Interstates 87 and 90, both part of the New York State Thruway, to the north and east. The land is generally level.</p><br>
<p>The district is formed by the 27 lots that remain of the two original purchases that created the neighborhood, on both sides of the road. There are 21 buildings on those lots, all but two of which are contributing properties. One property has two stone piers marking its driveway, both of which are considered contributing objects. The buildings are all wood frame residences, a mix of cottages and traditional shotgun houses.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Reverend Louis W. Parson and his wife migrated to Albany from Shubuta, Mississippi in 1927. He founded the First Church of God in Christ in Albany. In four trips to Mississippi, Parson encouraged friends and family to move to Albany and join the church. Many friends and family did during the 1930s and 1940s. Some were sharecroppers who owed money to their landlords. Eventually the majority of Shubuta moved to Albany, part of the 400,000 African Americans who left the South during what has been called the Great Migration around World War I seeking better opportunities. Another million migrated up until 1940.</p><br>
<p>Despite pressure from the city government against recruiting unemployed people due to the Depression, Parson continued doing so throughout the 1930s. But many of the migrants did not like life in the South End. There were bars, brothels and gambling houses in the neighborhood, affronts to their religious values. Having come from rural areas, they found northern city life hard to adjust to. Some returned to Mississippi.</p><br>
<p>Parson found two 14 acre parcels of undeveloped land in the Pine Bush for the community to move to between 1930 and 1933. They saved money and built, by themselves, houses similar to what they had known in Mississippi. After the purchases were fully closed in 1942, two years after Parson&#39;s death, families began building their own houses with help from friends and family over the next decades. Many began growing crops and raising animals on the land, becoming self-sufficient. During the World War II years, especially, building materials were hard to obtain. One family found they could complete a small shotgun house but not the larger house that they had started.</p><br>
<p>At its peak, 23 families lived on Rapp Road. The neighborhood remained intact until 1971, when the state planned the Washington Avenue Extension to improve connections between the city and its growing western suburbs. It conducted eminent domain proceedings to acquire the northern parcel. Most of the homeowners moved away. One who lived at what is today the middle of the extension, chose instead to have her house moved. Today it is at the north end of the street, 8 Rapp Road, 300 feet (90 m) south of its original location.</p><br>
<p>The community has remained intact despite the large-scale development of the surrounding area. Many descendants of the original homeowners have returned to raise their families. Every year the community holds a "family reunion", and every other year holds an additional celebration in Shubuta for those relatives who still live there. In 2002 the community was designated by the state of New York as a "New York State Historic District" and in 2003 a National Historic District. In 2006 the state Department of Education chartered the Rapp Road Historical Association, which has formed to preserve and interpret the history of the area.</p><br>
<p>Marble Island is one of several uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Nunavut, Canada, located within western Hudson Bay. The closest community is Rankin Inlet. During the age of sail, this island was valued as a harbour for overwintering in the Arctic Ocean.</p><br>
<h2>Natural features</h2><br>
<p>Marble Island is composed of a type of sedimentary rock called wacke, laced with quartzite. It is the quartzite that gives the island its white, marble-like appearance.</p><br>
<p>Marble Island is bare rock, located above the treeline, and with only a small amount of plant life, primarily lichens and mosses. Thus, there is only a limited amount of territorial wildlife, primary the polar bear, the Arctic fox, the Arctic hare, and lemmings. A large variety of birds visit the island, including ducks, raptors, and unidentified "small brown birds". A great number of sea mammals can be found nearby, including several kinds of cetaceans (e.g. bowhead whales, orcas, narwhals, and belugas) and seals. Due to the large amount of oceanic life, Marble Island is a traditional summer hunting ground for the Inuit.</p><br>
<h2>Failed expedition</h2><br>
<p>An expedition to find the Northwest Passage was led by James Knight of the Hudson&#39;s Bay Company and two ships under captains David Vaughan and George Berley. They were ship-wrecked nearby and took refuge on the island. Despite assistance by the local Inuit, they had all died of starvation and disease, especially scurvy, by 1722 at the latest. In 1769, their remains were finally discovered by Samuel Hearne.</p><br>
<h2>Whaling</h2><br>
<p>Between 1870 and 1887, Marble Island was a very popular site for northern whalers, but by 1890 was completely abandoned: few whales could be found nearby, and ice conditions grew treacherous. Before it was abandoned, the whaling ship Orray Taft sank nearby: her sailors occupy several graves on the island. This was a major factor in the creation of the islands nickname, Deadmans Island.</p><br>
<h2>Sacred site</h2><br>
<p>Currently, it is a sacred site of the Inuit: modern visitors are expected to crawl ashore, or die exactly a year later.</p><br>
<p>Grey Goose Island is one of several, larger, uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Nunavut, Canada located within the midsection of James Bay. Other comparable islands in the area include the Bear Islands, North and South Twin Islands, Spencer Island, Sunday Island, and Walter Island.</p><br>
<p>The island is low-lying and flat, dominated by rock and sand. It is devoid of trees, although there are grasses and other hardy plants. It is frequented by Arctic fox, Ringed seal, Beluga whale, caribou, and polar bears. A major migration route for geese, notable bird populations include American pipit, Arctic tern, black guillemot, common eider, common loon, great black-backed gull, gyrfalcon, herring gull, Pacific loon, purple sandpiper, red-necked phalarope, red-throated loon, and semipalmated plover.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Grey Goose Island&#39;s history includes a visit by Robert J. Flaherty in 1910 during the First MacKenzie Expedition, as well as the stranding of the MV North Star IV in 1961 after it hit an uncharted rock.</p><br>
<p>During the Cold War period of 1958 to 1965, Canada permitted the United States to practise high-altitude photographic reconnaissance over Grey Goose Island with the RB-52C Stratofortress. M120 photoflash bombs were used, and possibly practice bombs. Small-calibre machine gun rounds may have been fired. Because of the possibility that unexploded explosive ordnance or other munitions are buried in the ground, or may still remain on the island, Canada’s Department of National Defence has retained the area. However, occasionally, the island&#39;s wildlife resources are harvested by the Cree.</p><br>
<p>Tifton Commercial Historic District is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1986 and expanded in 1994. The original listing was portions of 10 blocks including buildings from the 1890s to the late 1930s, most built of brick.</p><br>
<p>The district includes the Tift County Courthouse, which is separately NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>The amendment in 1994 expanded the district to include four blocks of mostly one- and two-story commercial buildings, including warehouses. The Masonic Lodge building in this area is the only three-story building (see accompanying photo #3).</p><br>
<p>The amendment in 1994 also recognized contributing building status for the Bowen Building, an Art Deco building built c. 1900 but renovated extensively in 1937 after a fire, which is located at the southwest corner of Third Street and South Main Street. In 1994, the corner tenant in the building was a drug store, and the other portion was a Christian bookstore.</p><br>
<h2>Photos</h2><br>
<p>Lake Kepwari is a man-made reservoir located in the south-west region of Western Australia, about 10 km south-east of Collie. "Kepwari" is a Noongar word meaning "playing in water".</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The lake is a former open-cut coal mine formerly known as Western Five, part of a mining lease operated by Wesfarmers Premier Coal from 1970 until 1996. It is 2 km long, 1 km wide and up to 70 m deep. It covers 103 hectare and holds about 30 GL of water.</p><br>
<p>Since 2003, rehabilitation work on the site has been undertaken to develop it as a community aquatic recreation facility. It has taken about five years to fill with water from Collie River South. In 2008, the state government allocated $3.29 million for the recreational development of the site.</p><br>
<p>Its opening has been delayed, however, due to public safety concerns about the low pH levels (pH 4.5) in the water. The acidity is believed to be due to ground water leakage at its deeper points. The ground water contains high levels of iron which oxidises and causes acidity levels to rise.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, the government called for submissions for an Environmental Impact Assessment relating to the effects of reconnecting Collie River South to the lake, which is intended to create a flushing effect. The river is upstream from Wellington Dam and was diverted around the southern edge of the site throughout the mining operations.</p><br>
<p>The Yule River is an ephemeral river in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It was named on 10 August 1861 by the surveyor and explorer Frank Gregory while on expedition in the area, after Thomas Newte Yule, at times farmer of Toodyay, winemaker, Acting Colonial Secretary and Magistrate.</p><br>
<p>The headwaters of the river rise in the Abydos Plain between the Chichester Range and the Mungaroona Range in the Scientific Reserve then flow in a north-westerly direction crossing the North West Coastal Highway approximately 60 km South of Port Hedland then discharging into the Indian Ocean near Cape Thouin. The river becomes more braided as it flows northward producing a wide alluvial riverbed, in the latter part of the journey the river bifurcates into the Yule and the Yule River West branches.</p><br>
<p>The river forms a large estuary at the river mouth with an area of 31.4 km&sup2</p><br>
<p>The river has ten tributaries, including Cockerega River, West Yule River, Pilbara Creek, Friendly Creek and Coorong Creek.</p><br>
<p>The river flows through a number of permanent pools, including Kangan Pool and Moolkamudda Pool.</p><br>
<p>During drought conditions the river has recorded zero flow for 2 years duration. The river also occasionally floods, particularly in 1975 when Cyclone Joan inundated the catchment area. The flood flow discharge was estimated at 22,000 m s at the rivers peak.</p><br>
<p>The river&#39;s water quality varies depending on the flow, but the average turbidity of the river water is 187 NTU and the average salinity is 105 mg/L.</p><br>
<p>The traditional owners of the area are the Indjibandi, Njamal or Nyamal peoples.</p><br>
<p>Prehistoric petroglyphs were found along rock-faces in the Upper Yule River in the 1950s.</p><br>
<h2>Borefield</h2><br>
<p>The Yule River Borefield has been in operation as one of the sources supplying the town of Port Hedland with drinking water.</p><br>
<p>Richland Balsam is a mountain in the Great Balsam Mountains in the USA state of North Carolina. Rising to an elevation of 6,410 ft, it is the highest mountain in the Great Balsam range and is among the 20 highest summits in the Appalachian range. The Blue Ridge Parkway reaches an elevation of 6,053 ft&mdash; the parkways highest point&mdash; as it passes over Richland Balsams southwestern slope. The Jackson County-Haywood County line crosses the mountain&#39;s summit.</p><br>
<p>Richland Balsam&#39;s upper elevations (above approximately 5,500 feet) support part of one of just ten stands of Southern Appalachian spruce-fir forest. This forest type consists of two dominant tree types&mdash; the red spruce and the Fraser fir&mdash; commonly called the "he-balsam" and "she-balsam" respectively, although the latter has been decimated in recent decades by the balsam woolly adelgid infestation. Spruce-fir forests are found in the highest elevations of Southern Appalachia due their ability to survive in climates that are too cold and harsh for the hardwood forests which dominate lower elevations. Southern spruce-fir ecosystems resemble ecosystems more commonly found in the northern United States and Canada than in the Southeastern United States.</p><br>
<p>The eastern half of Richland Balsam is protected by the Pisgah National Forest, and most of the western half is protected by the Nantahala National Forest (the exception being the Blue Ridge Parkway corridor, which is maintained by the National Park Service). There is a parking lot and overlook atop Richland Balsam marking the parkway&#39;s highest point. A short interpretive trail connects the parking lot with the summit.</p><br>
<p>Montpelier Historic District, the center of the unincorporated community of Montpelier, Mississippi in Clay County, Mississippi, is a 2.5 acre historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Located at the intersection of Mississippi Highway 46 and Mississippi Highway 389, the district included (as of 1989) three contributing buildings and one non-contributing building.</p><br>
<p>The contributing buildings are the c. 1886 house of the town&#39;s founder, C.C. Cross, his c. 1891 store, and another c. 1891 store building that held the post office. The buildings are not distinctive architecturally and are made of wood frame construction with simple details. They are, however, good examples of "commonplace late 19th and early 20th century life and building practice."</p><br>
<p>And the district, compared to alternatives covered in a study, was deemed the "best remaining example of a commercial center important for its location on the roads which allowed for the development of an expanding agricultural economy in the areas not served by railroad lines."</p><br>
<p>Turnage House, on Turnage Road, in or near Montpelier, is "significant as the best remaining example in</p><br>
<p>Clay County of the early 20th century double-pen dogtrot house."</p><br>
<p>Collins Lake, previously known as Virginia Ranch Reservoir during its construction, is a freshwater man-made lake with 1,009 acre located in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains north of Sacramento, California. The lake was originally created to provide additional irrigation water to Browns Valley and Loma Rica. It still serves that purpose as well as a recreation and fishing lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Collins Lake&#39;s founding organization, Browns Valley Irrigation District (BVID), was established in 1888. Demand for irrigation water in the area quickly exceeded availability. As early as 1919 BVID began exploring the idea of damming the water flowing through Virginia Ranch in order to satisfy Browns Valley and Loma Rica. In 1950 a permit was issued for a 105 ft high dam which would have created a 35,000 acre.ft reservoir. Lack of funds for the five year, 1.36 million dollar project prevented it from being started. Ten years later a 4.8 million dollar loan was approved for a 152 ft high embankment dam which would create a lake with 57,000 acre.ft of capacity. Virginia Ranch Dam was completed in 3 years, creating Collins Lake, named for Merle Collins who played a significant role in promoting the project.</p><br>
<p>In 1967 Pineland Development started a concession for recreation and camping on the lakefront. Since 1972 the concession has been family run and has expanded to include 109 RV hookup campsites as well as tent camping sites. The campground and day use areas are gated but open at dawn year round.</p><br>
<p>The Lafayette Park Historic District is located in central Albany, New York, United States. It includes the park and the combination of large government buildings and small rowhouses on the neighboring streets. In 1978 it was recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Many of its contributing properties are themselves listed on the National Register. One of them, the New York State Capitol, is a National Historic Landmark as well. City hall and the building housing Albany County government, along with the state&#39;s highest court and the offices of its Education Department. The Episcopal Diocese of Albany also has its cathedral within the district.</p><br>
<p>While the state capitol building has always been located in the district, for most of the 19th century the neighborhood was best known for the townhouses on Elk Street, one of the most desirable addresses in the city at that time. Many politicians, including some of the state&#39;s governors and presidents Martin Van Buren lived there at different times, and Henry James would recall the neighborhood from his childhood visits to his aunt as "vaguely portentous, like beasts of the forest not wholly exorcised." Two significant technological accomplishments—the development of the first working electromagnet and the construction of the first cantilevered arch bridge—also took place within it. Henry Hobson Richardson, Philip Hooker and Marcus T. Reynolds are among the architects represented by buildings in the district.</p><br>
<p>The park that gives the district its name was not actually built until the early 20th century, after larger government buildings had begun to dominate the area. In it and the other three parks are statues commemorating George Washington and Albany natives like Civil War general Phillip Sheridan and electromagnet discoverer Joseph Henry. John Quincy Adams Ward and J. Massey Rhind are among the sculptors represented. Although the district has been affected by modern trends—most of the Elk Street houses are now offices for various organizations that lobby the state government—it has remained mostly intact. It remains a vital part of Albanys public sphere, with the parks having hosted everything from benefit sales for soldiers medical care during the Civil War to Occupy Albany&#39;s tent encampments and protests during the 2010s.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The 36 acre district is rectangular, extending a block to the north and south of Washington Avenue (New York State Route 5), with an irregularly shaped projection at its northeast corner. From its southeast corner, at the intersection of State and Eagle streets, it runs west along State, between the state capitol and the Empire State Plaza office complex to the south. At South Swan Street, it turns north, with the Alfred E. Smith State Office Building and other contributing properties of the adjacent Center Square/Hudson–Park Historic District on the west.</p><br>
<p>It continues north two blocks, to the Elk Street intersection. Here it runs past Cathedral of All Saints and the back of the State Education Department building to the South Hawk Street intersection. The boundary turns north along the continuation of South Hawk and then turns east again to Columbia Street at the entrance to the top deck of a large parking garage in nearby Sheridan Hollow.</p><br>
<p>At the Eagle Street junction, it turns north to the rear lot line of a building on that side of the street, then along its east line to the rear lines of the rowhouses along Columbia Street all the way to Chapel Street. It follows that street south back to Columbia, and turns east again all the way to Lodge Street, again sharing a boundary, this time with the Downtown Albany Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Just before reaching St. Mary&#39;s Church, at Steuben Street, the line turns west again, then south, between the New York State Court of Appeals Building and the parking lot behind it. Crossing Pine Street it jogs slightly westward, then turns south and west to Eagle Street, around the back of City Hall. From there it turns south in the middle of Eagle Street and returns to the southeast corner.</p><br>
<p>The terrain slopes gently toward the east, reflecting the nearby Hudson River. In the eastern portion of the district this becomes slightly steeper. The dropoff into Sheridan Hollow, on the north, is abrupt.</p><br>
<p>Much of the southern portion of the district is open space. East and West Capitol parks flank that building. To its northeast, on the block between Elk, Eagle, Hawk and Washington, is one large park that is actually two: Lafayette Park, owned by the state, on the west and county-owned Academy Park on the east. In between them on the north side is the former Albany Academy building, now the main offices of the Albany City School District.</p><br>
<p>The large government buildings around the park were, like the state capitol, built in the late 19th century. Their architectural styles vary from the capitol&#39;s mix of Romanesque and Neo-Renaissance to the Classical Revival stylings of the Court of Appeals and Education Department building. The cathedral adds some Gothic Revival to the mix. The residential areas in the north primarily have two-story brick townhouses dating to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. There are 35 buildings in the district; all but three are contributing properties</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The district has an early period corresponding roughly to the 19th century, in which it was primarily noted for the residences of socially prominent residents and politicians, and incidentally as the locale of the capitol. After the completion of the current capitol building at century&#39;s end, it began to be dominated by large government buildings, with the open space, including the park that gives the district its name, coming into place in the early decades of the new century.</p><br>
<h3>1809–1899: Elk Street and residences</h3><br>
<p>The neighborhood has been home to the centers of power since it was established. In 1809, 12 years after Albany was permanently designated New York&#39;s state capital at the end of the 18th century the first state capitol building in the city was erected on a site adjacent to the location of the current building, in order to leave space for commercial development around the waterfront along the Hudson River. The city government used it as well for meetings and office space. The oldest extant building in the district, the first Albany Academy building, designed by Philip Hooker, was built in 1815.</p><br>
<p>It was in the academy building that, a dozen years later, one of the school&#39;s professors, Joseph Henry, conducted experiments with electricity that proved the existence of inductance and created the first functional electromagnet. For several years in the early 1830s he demonstrated the practical effects of this discovery to his classes by using a magnet to ring a bell at the end of a wire run around the room. Not only was this the prototype for the electric doorbell, it has been considered an important step on the road to the invention of the telegraph two decades later.</p><br>
<p>In 1832, the city decided it was time for its government to have its own building, and Hooker provided a domed marble Greek Revival building on the present site, which had already been designated for future development as a public square. The next year, the two acres (2 acre) on the east of the Academy building were formally laid out as Academy Park. It was encircled by an iron fence similar to that which Hooker had designed for nearby Capitol Park.</p><br>
<p>Elk and Columbia streets were the center of development in the district during this era. On the former, the houses closest to the park, 2 through 7, were built between 1827 and 1833, among them some of Albany&#39;s finest Greek Revival houses. Columbia Street, where Henry made his home at number 107, was developed with more modest houses.</p><br>
<p>Because of its proximity to the capitol, Elk Street was often a preferred residence of the states governors during this area, since New York did not establish its governors mansion until later in the 19th century. William L. Marcy lived at 2 Elk Street during his first term, and Hamilton Fish made 21 Elk his home after he was elected in 1848. Daniel Barnard, a congressman and later ambassador to Germany, lived at 25 Elk Street and may have owned 1 Elk Street (now demolished). Three governors—Enos T. Throop, Washington Hunt and Horatio Seymour—rented the building from him during their tenure in office.</p><br>
<p>Martin van Buren, a state senator and New Yorks Attorney General before he became President, owned 4 Elk Street and lived there for some of the time he was not serving in the latter post. While he was, it was occupied by his son Smith Thompson and his wife, Ellen King James. Among the visitors who came to the house in the later years was Ellens young nephew Henry. Later in his life, when he had become an accomplished novelist, he wrote that Elk Street had always seemed to him "vaguely portentous, as though beasts of the forests not fully exorcised."</p><br>
<p>The first of the large buildings, mostly governmental edifices, that dominate the district in our time, the New York State Court of Appeals Building, was completed in 1842 after eight years of construction. Originally "State Hall", housing a number of other state offices in addition to the court, Henry Rector&#39;s neoclassical structure used all three orders in its design. It was considered one of the finest government buildings of its era. Three years later, 17 Elk Street, the grandest house yet built on that street, was built for John V. L. Pruyn, an industrialist who later served in the state Senate and USA House. It was expanded to the east in 1858.</p><br>
<p>After the Civil War, during which a temporary structure was set up in Academy Park as the Army Relief Bazaar to raise money for medical supplies, this change accelerated further with the beginning of construction on the new capitol. Marcus T. Reynolds, an architect who worked in the city through the 1930s, was born at 98 Columbia Street in 1869 and lived there both as a child and an old man. In 1880, Hookers 1832 City Hall burned down. Henry Hobson Richardson, then in Albany working on the state capitol, designed the current building to replace it, and it was soon completed, in part because the budget and cost overruns did not allow for an interior to match Richardsons ornate Romanesque exterior.</p><br>
<p>In the decade after the war, Elk Street continued to be a residential neighborhood. Reflecting the Gilded Age that was ongoing at the time, most of those who made their homes there were not politicians but some of the citys newly wealthy industrialists. The park was neglected during this time—Huybertie Pruyn, who lived in the area as a child during the 1870s and 80s, recalls it as a "wretchedly kept place". It had only one light in the center, was locked at 10 p.m. every night, and even so children were warned not to go into it after dark.</p><br>
<p>The Rev. William Croswell Doane had been appointed bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Albany in 1867. He lived at 29 Elk Street, and presided over the construction of Cathedral of All Saints, completed in 1888. The young architect Robert W. Gibson won the commission over Richardson with his Gothic Revival design. Doanes original plan was for the block on which the cathedral was located to be an entire campus with a school, hospital and convent, a "mother church" for the diocese, similar to some Anglican cathedrals in England. However, he was unable to persuade the churchs trustees to expend the additional money, a failure that became significant later.</p><br>
<p>The same year, the thousand-foot (300 m) Hawk Street Viaduct was built, connecting the neighborhoods north of Sheridan Hollow, now home to many of the workers in the industrialized city, with the Lafayette Park area. Since dismantled, it is believed to have been the first cantilevered arch bridge in the world, designed by former state engineer Elnathan Sweet. A segment of the iron railing and its south abutment remain, as contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>Elk Street remained an address known for its high style. In 1897, newly elected Lieutenant Governor Timothy L. Woodruff, who would serve three governors in that position, moved into 5 Elk Street. Albany society took immediate notice of his penchant for the latest clothing, his fine horses, and his English coachman, who had most recently worked for Lilly Langtry.</p><br>
<p>In 1899, the new state capitol was finally finished. With government so firmly established in the area, some of the old houses nearby began to be adapted into office space for institutions that desired the proximity to the states elected officials, or subdivided into smaller living spaces. A fire insurers organization converted 1–2 Columbia Place, including one of the buildings that had served as sculptor Erastus Dow Palmer&#39;s studio in the middle of the century, into its offices. Similarly, 105–107 Columbia Street became an apartment building.</p><br>
<h3>1900–present: New Capitol, government buildings and parks</h3><br>
<p>The early 20th century significantly transformed the district. First, two more large government buildings were added. In 1906 Andrew Sloan Draper, first commissioner of the states State Education Department (SED), wanted to move his agency into space of its own near the capitol along with the state library and museum. He considered the block on which Cathedral of All Saints stood to be the ideal location; however, the cathedral still owned some of the land and his approaches to the Doane, who had not abandoned his mother church plan, led to animosity between the two. While the bishop was traveling overseas, Draper used his political influence to have the state buy all the remaining land on the block. Doane, forced to abandon his longtime plan, succeeded in getting the legislature to limit the SED building to two stories, but Draper retaliated by making sure that those two stories, on Henry Hornbostels colonnaded marble Beaux-Arts structure were as tall as possible, blocking the cathedral off from the rest of the city.</p><br>
<p>While it was being built, the district would be home for two years to another resident later to become prominent, future president Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He lived in 4 Elk Street from 1910 to 1912 while serving as a state senator. Other houses nearby, and on Columbia, were being renovated, usually by Marcus T. Reynolds. In 1912, the Education Department building opened, along with Albany County&#39;s new courthouse and office building next to the Court of Appeals.</p><br>
<p>During the time the district was preparing to receive its distinguishing feature. Starting in 1908, the block between Academy Park and Hawk Street was cleared to create Lafayette Park, named for the Marquis de Lafayette, who had stayed in Albany during 1778 and visited the city in the 1820s. In the process more than 30 houses were demolished, including those of Palmer and writer Leonard Kip. In 1925, a J. Massey Rhind statue of another Albany military man, Revolutionary War General Phillip Schuyler, went up in front of City Hall. It was followed two years later by one of Joseph Henry, sculpted by John Flanagan, in front of the Albany Academy.</p><br>
<p>West Capitol Park was expanded threefold from a modest plan submitted by the sons of Frederick Law Olmsted in 1898. In keeping with the ideals of the contemporary City Beautiful movement, it was reimagined as a "court of honor", surrounded by the Capitol, SED building and the newer Alfred E. Smith Building, towering over the older ones at the parks west side. Ideas by former state architects Franklin B. Ware and Lewis Pilcher were also incorporated. When it opened in 1930 it framed the capitols west facade with a tree-lined entrance mall. A replica of Jean-Antoine Houdons statue of George Washington was installed in the park in 1932 to commemorate the first presidents bicentennial.</p><br>
<p>The changes in the neighborhood were reflected in its building use. In 1930, the academy moved out of the building it had outgrown; it was bought by the city and eventually became the offices of the Albany City School District. Reynolds, in one of his final projects, supervised the renovation of the interior, a New Deal project funded by the Public Works Administration. The Pruyns had moved out of 17 Elk Street around 1910; their house eventually became the state headquarters of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. They were followed by most of the other socially prominent families who had called Elk home. The house at 4, where the young Henry James had visited his aunt almost a century before, likewise became home to another fraternal organization, the Moose International.</p><br>
<p>Through the middle of the century the district remained stable, with no significant new buildings, demolitions or other changes. That began to change in the late 1960s as urban renewal touched Albany, and the modernist towers of Empire State Plaza rose to the south, dwarfing the older government buildings in the district. Preservation efforts grew. Daniel Barnards old house at 1 Elk Street was demolished in 1969. At the corner of Elk and Eagle, activists were able to save the facades of three townhouses which were otherwise to have been demolished for another modernist building, James Stewart Polsheks New York Law Center, which they serve to screen from the street.</p><br>
<p>The following year, 1970, the Hawk Street viaduct was dismantled so that a parking garage could be built in the space. Only its south abutment and a portion of its handrail were left. As Empire State Plaza neared completion in the late 1970s, the state library and museum left the SED building for larger, dedicated space of their own built within the new complex.</p><br>
<p>In 1986, a memorial to Albany County&#39;s dead and missing from the Vietnam War was commissioned for Lafayette Park. Sculptor Merlin Szosz produced a stele in the classical Greek mode, made of pink Brazilian granite and adorned with the names of those casualties, plus a relief of a soldier holding his fallen comrade amid Southeast Asian vegetation. It is set amid four gas lanterns shaped like lotuses and a circle of bronze benches. It was installed and dedicated in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Two decades later, the social turmoil that accompanied the Vietnam War on the home front echoed through the park anew. In October 2011, protesters inspired by Occupy Wall Street in Manhattan set up Occupy Albany, a tent encampment in the parks to call attention to rising socioeconomic inequality during the Great Recession as their fellow activists downstate had. The state originally instituted a curfew of 11 p.m. for Lafayette Park in order to force them to leave, and police cited several of them for violating it. However, those plans were foiled when David Soares, the county district attorney, dropped the charges and city officials issued the group a permit to stay in Academy Park, which was under its jurisdiction and not the state&#39;s, in return for its cleanup efforts and limitations on its presence. Occupy Albany stayed in the park for another 15 days before the city evicted it as winter came on. The group continues to hold rallies and events in the parks.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Six buildings in the district are individually listed on the National Register in addition to being contributing properties to the district. They include the cathedral and all government buildings save the county courthouse. One of those government buildings, the state capitol, is further designated a National Historic Landmark. There are still others that are noteworthy within the context of the district.</p><br>
<h3>National Historic Landmark</h3><br>
<p>New York State Capitol, State Street. One of the last state capitol buildings in the nation to be located in an urban center when it was finished in 1899 after a 32-year construction period plagued by delays, it is also one of 11 that are not domed. Original architect Thomas Fuller had, in fact, designed a domed Renaissance Revival building, but he was forced off the project due to cost overruns in building the first three stories, and it was later left to various other architects, including Henry Hobson Richardson to finish the 220 ft structure in the Romanesque Revival mode, and as a result of this discontinuity it is often referred to as "a building at war with itself."</p><br>
<h3>National Register of Historic Places</h3><br>
<p>Albany City Hall, 24 Eagle Street. Henry Hobson Richardson designed the fourth building to house Albany&#39;s government in 1880 when its 1832 predecessor was destroyed by fire. The granite building is considered one of his finest works, although he left the interior to later architects, including Marcus T. Reynolds. In 1927 its 202 ft tower was equipped with the first municipal carillon in America.</p><br>
<p>Cathedral of All Saints, 62 South Swan Street. Richardson lost the contest to design this 1884 structure to the then relatively unknown Robert W. Gibson, who had actually followed the design specifications. The Gothic Revival stone and brick structure was completed four years later. William Croswell Doane, bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Albany, had meant it to be the center of a "mother church" complex similar to those in some English diocesan seats, but the completion of the SED building two decades later made those plans impossible. Even the cathedral itself remains incomplete, with two foundations for higher rear spires in its rear.</p><br>
<p>Joseph Henry Memorial, Academy Park. Philip Hooker&#39;s 1815 stone neoclassical design for the school is the oldest civic building in the city, and the less altered of his two remaining non-residential buildings. Joseph Henry would later demonstrate the existence of electromagnetism in experiments there, and the building was named for him. It has been home to the Albany City School District since 1930.</p><br>
<p>New York Court of Appeals Building, 20 Eagle Street. Built originally in 1842 as State Hall, this late Greek Revival structure with thick load-bearing walls housed several other government offices in addition to the state&#39;s highest court. Its decoration features all three classical orders.</p><br>
<p>New York State Education Department Building, 89 Washington Avenue. This monumental 1906 Classical Revival stone building, with its colonnade running the length of the block, was the first building in America to house a state government&#39;s education agency. Commissioner Andrew Sloan Draper made sure the two stories Doane had persuaded the legislature to limit the building to were nevertheless high enough to obstruct the view of All Saints from the rest of the city. Originally it also housed the state library and museum until they moved to separate quarters in the 1970s.</p><br>
<h3>Others</h3><br>
<p>2 Elk Street. Several years after this 1827 townhouse was completed, Governor William L. Marcy made it his official residence. It is believed to have been designed by Hooker, since it complements the Academy building across the street. Congressman Rufus H. King lived there later in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>4 Elk Street. Built around the same time as its neighbor, this townhouse was home to Martin van Buren, and his son and daughter-in-law after his presidency. It was visited by her nephew, the young Henry James, and later the home of Franklin D. Roosevelt for one of his terms in the State Senate.</p><br>
<p>6 Elk Street. When this red brick house was built in 1834, it was one of the largest on the street and one of Albanys best Greek Revival houses. William Patterson Van Rensselaer, a descendant of one of colonial Albanys wealthiest and most prominent families, built it upon his marriage. Later it would serve as the deanery for the cathedral.</p><br>
<p>17 Elk Street. This ornate Gothic Revival townhouse displaced 6 and 7 Elk as the grandest on the block when it was finished in 1845. Builder John V. L. Pruyn was a consolidator of the New York Central Railroad and later a state senator, USA Representative, regent of the University of the State of New York.</p><br>
<p>21 Elk Street. Orr and Cunningham, the builders of Pruyn&#39;s house, are considered to have surpassed it with this one, built in 1845 for John Adams Dix. It is unlikely however that he lived there for any length of time since he was elected to the USA Senate by the legislature later that year in a special election. Pruyn lived there for a while instead, and Hamilton Fish made it his residence during his term as governor.</p><br>
<p>25 Elk Street. Daniel D. Barnard, an assemblyman, Congressman, and later ambassador to Prussia lived here between the 1830s and 1850s. He also owned the now-demolished 1 Elk Street, which he rented to several other politicians, including three governors.</p><br>
<p>29 Elk Street. A striking house of brick laid in Flemish bond, with marble Doric columns on the first floor topped by ionic ones on the second, this was the residence of Episcopal bishop William Croswell Doane from his appointment in 1869 to his death four decades later. It continued to be the residence of subsequent bishops through the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>83 and 85 Columbia Street. These two pre-Civil War townhouses have unusual bowed facades.</p><br>
<p>98 Columbia Street. The residence of architect Marcus T. Reynolds during his earliest and latest years. He grew up here, raised by his father and aunt after his mother died while he was very young. After his professional success, he bought the house and remodeled it.</p><br>
<p>99 Columbia Street. Local cabinetmaker John Meads built what is probably another Hooker design in 1829. While its original concave entrance has been moved to the Albany Institute of History & Art, Meads&#39; interior carvings remain.</p><br>
<p>107 Columbia Street. Joseph Henry lived here while he was teaching and experimenting at the Albany Academy. His house was actually one of the two Federal style buildings that have since been combined.</p><br>
<p>Albany County Courthouse, 16 Eagle Street. The last of the large government buildings in the district to be erected, this 1910s granite and limestone Classical Revival design was meant to be sympathetic with the Court of Appeals building next door, featuring the same combination of Doric columns at the lower levels and Ionic columns above. Its intricate ornamentation extends to its bronze doors and cast iron exterior lamps with an acanthus motif. Inside it is centered around a two-story light court with marble Doric and Ionic columns and a vaulted ceiling of stained glass.</p><br>
<p>Hawk Street Viaduct Abutment and Railing, North Hawk Street. These are all that remains of the Hawk Street Viaduct, believed to have been the first cantilevered arch bridge when it was built in 1888 to carry pedestrians over Sheridan Hollow to and from the working-class neighborhoods north of downtown. It was dismantled in 1969 to make way for a parking garage.</p><br>
<h3>Parks</h3><br>
<p>Academy Park. The first park in the district was created in 1833 and named for the nearby school. In its two acres (2 acre) is a statute of Joseph Henry, commemorating his discovery of electromagnetism in the nearby building. Unlike the other three parks in the district, it is administered by the city and not the state.</p><br>
<p>East Capitol Park. A statute of Civil War general Phillip Sheridan, who lived in Albany as a boy, stands between Eagle Street and the main steps of the state capitol building. Daniel Chester French lobbied to have it placed here after sculptor John Quincy Adams Ward&#39;s death.</p><br>
<p>Lafayette Park. The larger portion of land west of the Academy building was a developed block until the 1920s. The resulting park was named in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette, who lived in the city during 1778 and returned during his 1824 visit.</p><br>
<p>West Capitol Park. A modest 1898 design by the sons of legendary park designer Frederick Law Olmsted was eventually expanded to its present size in the 1930s by several other architects in an attempt to create one of the "courts of honor" favored by the City Beautiful movement. Its statue is a replica of Jean-Antoine Houdon&#39;s George Washington, facing the capitol, placed to commemorate the bicentennial of his birth.</p><br>
<p>The Goodnow House is an historic 2-story stone house located at 2301 Claflin Road in Manhattan, Kansas, United States. It was built in 1857 in the Plains Vernancular style. From 1859 Isaac Goodnow and his wife, Ellen lived in the house, until Isaac&#39;s death in 1894. Goodnow was an abolitionist and co-founder of both Kansas State University and Manhattan.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Goodnow House is a stone structure with gable roofs over a two-story main block and a one-story wing. The rough limestone walls are accented by smooth quoins at the corners. Several wood framed additions were made over the years. There is a cellar under the 1-1/2 story section.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Goodnow and his wife Ellen had no children. Hattie Parkerson, a niece whom they had adopted, inherited the house after Isaac died in 1894. After Hatties death in 1940, the house passed to a friend, Mary Payne, who later donated it and many of the Goodnows belongings to the Kansas Historical Society, a state agency which operates it today as the Goodnow House State Historic Site.</p><br>
<p>On February 24, 1971, the Goodnow House was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Pawnee Indian Museum State Historic Site, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 14RP1, is an archaeological site and museum located near the city of Republic in the state of Kansas in the Midwestern United States. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places under the name Pawnee Indian Village Site.</p><br>
<h2>Pawnee history</h2><br>
<p>At the site are the remains of a village once occupied by the Kitkehahki, or Republican, band of the Pawnee tribe of Native Americans. It is one of four known Kitkehahki sites in the Republican River valley. The dates of occupation of this particular village are not known; the Kitkehahki intermittently occupied the Republican valley from the 1770s to the 1820s.</p><br>
<p>After the 1803 Louisiana Purchase, Spain and the United States disputed possession of the Louisiana Territory. Both nations sought allies among the Native American peoples of the territory, including the Pawnees. In 1806, Lieutenant Zebulon Pike led an expedition into the southwestern portions of the Territory. He visited a Pawnee village soon after the departure of a much larger Spanish expedition; there, he persuaded the inhabitants to haul down a Spanish flag and to replace it with that of the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation and archaeology</h2><br>
<p>In the 1870s, Elizabeth A. Johnson of Republic County became interested in Pikes flag episode. She discovered this site in 1875 and, after studying Pikes journals and investigating another reported Pawnee site in southern Nebraska, concluded that this was the village that Pike had visited. To protect the site from being plowed, she and her husband bought the land. In 1901, the Johnsons donated the site to the state of Kansas for historic preservation.</p><br>
<p>The state appropriated $3,000 to fence the land and build a 26 ft granite monument commemorating the 1806 flag incident. At the 1901 dedication ceremony, several of the speakers drew parallels between Pike&#39;s symbolic triumph over Spain and the recent American victory in the Spanish–American War. In 1906, a four-day celebration was held to mark the centennial of the Pike episode.</p><br>
<p>Subsequent research showed that Pike&#39;s expedition had not visited this village, but the Kitkehahki village now known as the Pike-Pawnee Village Site, located on the Republican River in Webster County in south-central Nebraska. The error was a fortunate one, however: it led to the preservation of this site, whereas the Nebraska site had been degraded by years of cultivation.</p><br>
<p>Some archaeological investigation at the site was conducted in 1933, 1949, and 1957. Intensive investigation took place from 1965 to 1968. In 1967, a museum was constructed around one of the earth lodges prior to its excavation; the excavated lodge has been left open, with many artifacts in situ. The museum is operated by the Kansas Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>In 1971, the site was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The 1901 monument at the site was damaged by a tornado in 2004. As a historically significant structure, it has been restored, but not to its original height and appearance.</p><br>
<p>Tell en-Nasbeh, likely the biblical city of Mizpah in Benjamin, is a 3.2 hectare  tell located on a low plateau 12 km northwest of Jerusalem in the West Bank. The site lies adjacent to an ancient roadway connecting Jerusalem with the northern hill country, which is how Tell en-Nasbeh gained importance as Judah&#39;s northern border fortress during its prime phase of occupation in the Iron Age . There are also archaeological remains at the site and in surrounding cave tombs that have been dated to the Early Bronze I , Iron I , Babylonian and Persian , Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Periods .</p><br>
<h2>Excavation history</h2><br>
<p>The site was excavated over 5 seasons between 1926 and 1935 by William Frederic Badè of the Pacific School of Religion in Berkeley, CA. The project was jointly sponsored by the Pacific School of Religion (PSR) and the American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR), and represents one of the earliest scientific excavations in region. After Badè&#39;s untimely death in 1936, his colleagues compiled and published a 2-volume final report for the excavation.</p><br>
<p>The original dig records, specifically the stratigraphic evidence, were later re-analyzed and published by Jeffrey R. Zorn of Cornell University. Research of the Tell en-Nasbeh collection continues today, both by staff of the Badè Museum of Biblical Archaeology at the Pacific School of Religion (formerly the Palestine Institute, then Badè Institute of Biblical Archaeology) and by outside scholars from around the world.</p><br>
<p>Museum staff are also involved in a huge multi-year project to digitize over 5,8000 objects that comprise the Tell en-Nasbeh collection. is in collaboration with staff of the in San Francisco, CA.</p><br>
<h2>Occupational history</h2><br>
<p>Tell en-Nasbeh was a small village in the Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze I periods. It was then abandoned until the beginning of the Iron Age, around the 10th century BCE, when it became a sizable agricultural village. By Iron Age II (9-8th centuries BCE), it was a walled settlement with a massive city gate, on the frontier between the southern and Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)</p><br>
<p>northern Israelite kingdoms.</p><br>
<p>After the fall of Jerusalem to the Babylonians in 586 BCE, Mizpah became the administrative center (capital) for the district of Binyamin in Judah.</p><br>
<p>Pottery, coins, and other small finds indicate Tell en-Nasbeh was still occupied by the Hellenistic Period when Judas Maccabeus gathered his army at Mizpah to confront the Seleucid army. Later finds, including a tower, tombs in the extramural cemeteries, and the floor of a Byzantine church near the western cemetery, speak to some occupation in later periods.</p><br>
<p>The Cane River is a river in the Pilbara of Western Australia.</p><br>
<p>The headwaters of the river rise west of the Hamersley Range. The river flows in a north-westerly direction through the Cane River Conservation Park and over the Onslow Coastal Plain then discharges into the Indian Ocean near Yardie Landing approximately 35 km north-east of Onslow.</p><br>
<p>The river is considered to be dendritic with no major tributaries, numerous wells exist within the catchment area. The river has one large permanent pool, Jabaddar Pool which is located downstream from the North West Coastal Highway.</p><br>
<p>The mouth of the river is a largely unmodified estuary that works as a function of tidal energy. The estuary covers a total area of 18 km&sup2; that is mostly saltmarsh but with a small colony of mangroves.</p><br>
<p>The river was named in 1866 by the explorer Harry Venn, the first European to discover the river, later was a member of the Forrest Ministry. He named the river after Charles Cane who was a member of Venn&#39;s expedition.</p><br>
<p>The waters have an average salinity of 90 mg/L and turbidity of 335 NTU.</p><br>
<p>The river has a large delta that is situated within the boundaries of Peedamulla Station. The river delta had become degraded as a result overgrazing particularly prior to 1970 when the station was running 100,000 head of sheep.</p><br>
<p>The Coongan River is an ephemeral river in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.</p><br>
<p>The headwaters of the river rise below the Chichester Range. The river flows in a northerly direction past Marble Bar then through the Gorge Range before discharging into the De Grey River, of which it is a tributary, at Mulyie Pool near Mount Woodhouse.</p><br>
<p>The town of Marble Bar also draws approximately 180ML scheme water from the river&#39;s alluvium per year.</p><br>
<p>The river has eight tributaries including; Talga River, Triberton Creek, Emu Creek and Budjan Creek.</p><br>
<p>The name is Indigenous Australian in origin, and was first recorded in 1878 by Alexander Forrest. The traditional owners of the area are the Njamal or Nyamal peoples.</p><br>
<p>The rivers water quality varies dependent of the flow but the average turbidity of the river water is 587 NTU and the average salinity is 100 mg/L.</p><br>
<p>Moccasin Gap, also known as Big Moccasin Gap, is a pass in Clinch Mountain, a long ridge within the Appalachian Mountains, at Gate City, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>This gap has a long history as a passageway through the mountain. It was used by the Cherokee and Shawnee, and was the first gap through which the Daniel Boone Wilderness Road passed on its way to the better-known Cumberland Gap and Kentucky. Today it serves as a primary commercial route for industry, retail, and tourism businesses.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Moccasin Gap is the more dramatic of only two true, natural gaps in the Clinch Mountain ridge. It is located in the present day state of Virginia, in Scott County. It lies between two cities; Weber City is built into the south side of the gap and Gate City is to the northwest.</p><br>
<p>The area surrounding Moccasin Gap is sedimentary which is formed by the compaction of particles of gravel, sand, silt, mud, and carbonate minerals from the repetitive rise and fall of shallow seas, dating to the Cambrian or Pennsylvanian period. Moccasin Gap is a water gap that is currently traversed by a channel of water, Big Moccasin Creek which is a tributary to the North Fork Holston River.</p><br>
<p>The climate in Scott County is classified as continental or warm-to-temperate consisting of four seasons. Average temperatures reach 77 &deg;F in the summer months and drop to 36.5 &deg;F in the wintertime. The greatest mean of rainfall is also during these times while the least precipitation occurs in the fall.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The gap served as a vital route through the mountains for the Cherokee and Shawnee to claimed hunting grounds south of the Clinch River. Later it would also be utilized as an attacking point against settlers in the valleys, a strategy also adopted by military soldiers during both the Revolutionary and Civil wars.</p><br>
<p>In 1775, Daniel Boone and thirty ax-men built the Indian path into a road, part of the Wilderness Road between the Great Valley of Virginia and the Alleghenies, on his quest to the Kentucky River. This section of the Wilderness Road extended north from the Long Island of the Holston River in Tennessee towards the well-known Cumberland Gap at the boundary of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The establishment of the Wilderness Road through the gap also brought pioneer settlers and tradesmen looking for passage to Kentucky and west. Scott County and the surrounding area praise the gap for its development as it became a significant route in commercial trade to the Ohio River Valley.</p><br>
<p>Moccasin gap is a level gap which made construction of the railway seamless. In 1886 the Southern Railway began traversing the gap to connect the Appalachia and Holston Valley divisions.</p><br>
<p>In 2006 the Virginia Department of Transportation began construction to travel routes passing through the gap which included widening of US 23 and involved excavating the gap. This phase (1) of the project was completed in July 2008. Phase 2 and 3 are currently still in progress and awaiting further funding. The plan to connect Route 72 to the bypass will remove a significant portion of the mountain in the gap, altering its natural profile.</p><br>
<p>The Turner River is a river in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The headwaters of the river rise below Pullcunah Hill and flows in a northerly direction and crosses the North West Coastal Highway approximately 40 km south of Port Hedland and discharging into the Indian Ocean. The riverbed is alluvial and highly braided</p><br>
<p>The river has three tributaries; Turner river East, Turner River West and Red Creek. It also flows through two large permanent pools; Kunagunarinna Pool and Moorambine Pool.</p><br>
<p>The mouth of the river is a large estuarine area that is mostly unmodified. The estuary functions primarily as a result of tidal energy. It covers a total area of 9.1 km&sup2; which is mostly made up of salt-marsh with a small colony of mangroves.</p><br>
<p>Much of the river catchment is used for cattle (grazing); excess nutrients cause some eutrophication in some pools upstream. Some mining also occurs within the catchment area.</p><br>
<p>In 1952 Lang Hancock flew his plane low through the gorges in the Turner River to escape bad weather when he noticed the red ochre coloration of the rocks and thought it could be a significant deposit of Iron Ore. He later returned to collect samples which he duly had tested and discovered he had found a huge deposit of high grade ore.</p><br>
<p>Sylvester Commercial Historic District is a historic district in Sylvester, Georgia that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1987. It includes the Worth County Local Building which is separately NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>Prominent resources within the district include:</p><br>
<p>Sylvester Banking Company (1910), which was Sylvester City Hall in 1987, 101 North Main Street. (see accompanying photo 13). It is a two-story granite Classical Revival style building, with Corinthian pilasters.</p><br>
<p>First National Bank of Sylvester (c. 1915), which was WXZE Radio in 1987, 102 North Isabella Street (photo 8). Neoclassical, with a metal cornice.</p><br>
<p>Alford Building (c. 1910), 115-119 North Main Street (photo 14). Largest historic commercial building in Sylvester. A Masonic Lodge once used the third floor of this three-story red brick Commercial Style building.</p><br>
<p>Worth County Local Building (1911), 118 North Isabella Street (Photo 6), separately NRHP-listed. Originally a newspaper office, its architecture is a vernacular version of Beaux-Arts architecture.</p><br>
<p>C.W. Hillhouse Building (1897), 125 E. Front Street (photo 12). Originally a hardware store. Asserted to be "the best local example of a late Victorian commercial building." It has hooded second-story windows and "an elaborate metal cornice".</p><br>
<p>T.C. Jefford Block (1911-1924), 106-108-110-112 East Kelly Street (photo 2). It has four one-story commercial facades, two with original prism glass over their entrances.</p><br>
<p>Sylvia Theater (1915), 118 East Kelly Street (photo 1). First movie theater in Sylvester. "It has a red brick facade with white marble geometric decorative patterns."</p><br>
<p>Lake Nabugabo is a small freshwater lake in Uganda.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The lake is in Masaka District, Central Region of Uganda, approximately 23 km, by road, east of the town of Masaka.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Lake Nabugabo is a satellite lake of Lake Victoria, being only 4 km away from its shores.</p><br>
<p>The area was chosen as a Ramsar Site (protected area) for its importance for the people and animals.</p><br>
<p>High human population densities and a reliance on subsistence agriculture are reflected in the heavy dependency of the neighboring community on the lake ecosystem. The poor agricultural practices have impacts on the water quality and food production.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Nabugabo was formed as a result of sand dunes resulting from strong winds. This lake is separated from Lake Victoria by a sand bar. An analysis of a 2.7 m long sediment core collected near the center of the lake showed that Lake Nabugabo was isolated from Lake Victoria about 5,000 years ago.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Almost 300 plant species have been recorded. The catchment area is home to two endemic flowering plants not found elsewhere, and fourteen species in Uganda are known only in this area. The most striking character of the rare Nabugabo plants is the relative dominance of carnivorous plants.</p><br>
<p>Indigenous fish (Cichlidae) is recorded. Three other species were introduced into the lake in the 1950s; the Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis leucostictus and Tilapia zillii.</p><br>
<p>The fauna ecosystem consists of a wide variety of key animal communities. Hippopotamus and sitatunga are found. Among the birds, kingfishers and crested crane are also found.</p><br>
<p>Lake Nabugabo is an important stop-over point for a number of species of migratory birds.</p><br>
<p>Mount Coffin was a promontory in what is now Longview, Cowlitz County, Washington, USA. It served as native burial grounds for the Skillute, a Chinook Jargon speaking tribe who practiced above-ground interment of their deceased. The memaloose illahee, or cemetery was named by Lieutenant William Robert Broughton of George Vancouver&#39;s expedition aboard the HMS Chatham in 1792. The landmark was leveled for its gravel during construction of the Port of Longview.</p><br>
<h2>Physical observation</h2><br>
<p>Mount Coffin was 240 ft tall and was formed by sediment carried by the Columbia River and Cowlitz River, which coagulated at the merging point of these two entities. The material consisted of basalt sediment, mainly material derived from volcanic ash.</p><br>
<h2>Historical Record</h2><br>
<h3>Prehistory and Expeditionary Times</h3><br>
<p>In 1792, Lieutenant William Robert Broughton of Vancouver’s expedition aboard the HMS Chatham explored the lower Columbia; he recorded: “a remarkable mount, about which were placed several canoes, containing dead bodies; to this was given the name of Mount Coffin.”</p><br>
<p>“Coffin Mountain was so called because of the Indian burying ground which was observed there where the dead were placed, as was the custom, aloft in primitive coffins supported by stakes.”</p><br>
<p>In November 1805, William Clark reported the hill as a "very remarkable Knob rising from the edge of the water". He said it was about 80 ft high, and "about 200 paces around at its Base."</p><br>
<p>William Clark described interaction with the indigenous population: trading beaver skins, berries, salmon, and wappato. Merriwether Lewis commented between their variance in speech from the tribes that lived farther inland. Due to the Skillute’s trading patterns along the Pacific coast they spoke a different pidgin that adopted coastal variances than the tribes who lived farther inland.</p><br>
<p>In 1835, John Kirk Townsend explored Mount Coffin, he reports:</p><br>
<p>“ consisted of a great number of canoes containing bodies of Indians, each being carefully wrapped in blankets, and supplied with many of his personal effects in the form of weapons and implements...The same provident care for the deceased that prevails among the hunting tribes of the prairies is observable among the piscatorial tribes of the rivers and sea-coast. Among the latter the Indian is wrapped in his mantle of skins, laid in his canoe with his paddle, his fishing-spear, and other implements beside him, and placed aloft on some rock or eminence overlooking the river, or bay, or lake that he had frequented. He is fitted out to launch away upon those placid streams…which are prepared in the next world for those who have acquitted themselves as good sons, good fathers…during their mortal sojourn.”</p><br>
<p>Because the Skillute practiced infant head flattening, postmortem examination of the cerebrum became a point of interest by physicians. In 1825, John Scouler found an opportunity “to procure a specimen of their compressed skulls.” Again in 1847, a bateau captain described as a “curio hunter”, stripped “valuables from a body on Coffin Rock.”</p><br>
<p>“In August 1841, Lieutenant Charles Wilkes traveled down the river as part of the USA Exploring Expedition and he used Mount Coffin to make astronomical observations. One of Wilkes’s campfires accidentally destroyed the burial canoes on the rock.”</p><br>
<p>Fever, pestilence, and disease ravaged among the living indigenous population. Symptoms described by one trader representing McLoughlin, a chief agent at the Hudson’s Bay Company in Fort Vancouver, Washington, about 40 mi from Mount Coffin, were descriptions characteristic of malaria, an endemic disease with fatal termination.</p><br>
<h3>The Industrial Revolution</h3><br>
<p>In 1900 Frederick Weyerhaeuser bought 900,000 acre of railroad grant land, looked favorably towards prospects in the Northwestern United States and soon began western operations.</p><br>
<p>At the end of World War I, Robert Alexander Long purchased from the Weyerhaeuser Timber Company a 23,851 acre tract in southwestern Washington that rest adjacent to Mount Coffin; it contained nearly 2,500,000,000 boardfeet of timber, he soon expanded to more than 70,000 acre. In 1922 studies of possible mill sites indicated: to dike the valley located at the mouth of the Cowlitz River would be economical. Rather than executing these plans, the area was developed into a city that would host investors; the city is now Longview, Washington. In June 1924, the Long–Bell lumber mill opened as the largest lumber producer in the world.</p><br>
<p>Frederick Weyerhaeuser opened a mill adjacent to the Long-Bell operation, encompassing Mount Coffin. Shortly after, in 1929, Mount Coffin was dynamited and quarried. After cutting 8,700,000,000 boardfeet of lumber, Long’s two great sawmills were dismantled in 1960.</p><br>
<p>“The old Long-Bell Mill sheds – now derelict – still stand near the port, difficult to reach yet spectacular because they are so enormous… are each about 600 feet long. They are built of massive timbers representative of the original, huge-scale forest of western Washington. Such buildings will never again be built.”</p><br>
<p>Weyerhaeuser continued pulp and paperboard manufacturing. In 1964, a federal suit was filed against Weyerhaeuser in Longview, Washington, for “discharge of refuse into navigable waterways.”</p><br>
<p>In 1979 the United States General Accounting Office listed the Weyerhaeuser Company in Longview as a potential superfund site caused by metal contamination. Since then, Weyerhaeuser Company has innovated ways of utilizing clarifiers, biomass fuels, hog fuel, and newsprint sludges to create steam and cogenerated electricity, from such organic wastes, to decrease pollution.</p><br>
<p>As of 2009, Weyerhaeuser reported “a net loss of $1.212 billion for the fourth quarter, or $5.73 per share, on net sales from continuing operations of $1.8 billion.”</p><br>
<p>__FORCETOC__</p><br>
<p>The American Thread Building is a historic building located at 260 West Broadway on the corner of Beach Street in the TriBeCa neighborhood of lower Manhattan, New York City. The eleven story building was designed in the Renaissance Revival style by architect William B. Tubby, and built in 1896. It was originally known as the Wool Exchange Building, and owned by the Wool Warehouse Company. The wool company did not succeed and the building was acquired by the American Thread Company in 1907, and was renovated and converted into live/work lofts in 1981.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 20, 2005.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In 2007, a renovation of one of the units uncovered an early work by artist Keith Haring.</p><br>
<p>The Corbin Building is a historic office building located at 13 John Street at the corner of Broadway – where it is numbered as 192 – in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1888-89 and was designed by Francis H. Kimball in the Romanesque Revival style with French Gothic detailing. The building was named for Austin Corbin, a president of the Long Island Rail Road who also founded several banks. It was built as a speculative venture for use as office space or housing.</p><br>
<p>The building has a brick, brownstone and terra cotta polychromy exterior featuring rounded arches with terra cotta detailing &ndash; Kimball was noted for his innovative use of terra cotta &ndash; and its interior vaulted ceilings employ a Guastavino tile system. Structurally, it preceded the use of steel skeletons for skyscrapers, utilizing cast-iron beams and masonry walls that were load-bearing.</p><br>
<p>The Corbin Building was significantly taller than others around at the time it was built. It was reported to be the tallest commercial building in New York City at the time of its completion, but both the Tribune and Western Union buildings of 1873 far exceeded the Corbin Building&#39;s height, at 260 and 230 feet, respectively.</p><br>
<p>The building was rehabilitated by the MTA as part of its Fulton Center project that opened on November 10, 2014. The ground and basement levels of the building were incorporated into the Fulton Center and serve as an entrance to the subway station below. The exterior and interior of the building were restored to resemble its original 19th-century construction as closely as possible. A total of 31,000 square feet of commercial office space in the above ground levels of the building will be leased out.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 2003, and designated a New York City Landmark on June 23, 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Portsmouth Athenæum is an independent membership library, gallery and museum in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, United States. It preserves material relevant to local history, and sponsors exhibitions, concerts and lectures for its proprietors, scholars and the general public. The building has been listed as the "Portsmouth Athenaeum" on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973.</p><br>
<h2>The Athenæum Society</h2><br>
<p>It was founded in 1817 as the Portsmouth Athenæum Society. The institutions 1805 Federal style building, located on Market Square at the citys heart, was acquired by the society in 1823. It was designed by architect Bradbury Johnson (1766–1820) as the office for the New Hampshire Fire & Marine Insurance Company, which went bankrupt. In 1981 and 1995, the society expanded into the third floor of 6-8 Market Square to accommodate its Copley Research Library and Randall Gallery.</p><br>
<p>Like most athenæums, it combines the functions of a library with those of an art gallery and museum. The institution retains certain 19th century customs—members are "proprietors," and the director is "keeper." Its collection now includes more than 40,000 books, with an archive of about 12,000 photographs, 4000 of which are posted on the Athenæum&#39;s website.</p><br>
<p>Portsmouth was once a major New England seaport. As a consequence, the Athenæum has a strong emphasis on maritime history, particularly shipbuilding at Badger&#39;s Island and the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, both located across the Piscataqua River in Kittery, Maine. Walls are hung with paintings of ships and the half models used to plan their construction. There are portraits of prominent figures from Portsmouth and the region, including sea captains, merchants and shipbuilders. The reading room features a full-length portrait of Sir William Pepperrell.</p><br>
<h3>Hours</h3><br>
<p>The Copley Research Library and Randall Gallery are open to the public without charge.</p><br>
<p>Tuesday and Thursday, 1 p.m. - 4 p.m.</p><br>
<p>Saturday 10 a.m. - 4 p.m., or by special arrangement</p><br>
<p>Christodora House is a historic building located at 143 Avenue B in the East Village/Alphabet City neighborhoods of Manhattan, New York City. It was designed by architect Henry C. Pelton  in the American Perpendicular Style and constructed in 1928 as a settlement house for low-income and immigrant residents, providing food, shelter, and educational and health services.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The building, as originally conceived, included a gym, swimming pool, music school and theater. It was financed by Mr and Mrs Arthur Curtiss James, at a cost of over $1 million.</p><br>
<p>Initially the 16 stories of the building housed a music school, a pool and gymnasium, a library, clubhouses, workshops, offices, and two kitchens. These spaces were on the lower five floors of the building, and open to the public and settlement members. One floor housed the settlement workers, and the top nine floors were rented out as residences to provide income for the work of the settlement. The opening of the building was an event, widely covered in the newspapers of the day. The building, particularly its height and style, were intended to be seen as symbolic and inspiring: towering, modern, up to date, airy, clean and fireproof, its character representing the best in the character of the neighborhood. Today, the building hosts a diverse group of residences. Many are groups or organizations active in the community, such as The East Village Community Coalition, which has an office in the building.</p><br>
<p>Though they were operational at one point, the swimming pool and gymnasium can no longer be used. Zoning for these facilities stipulated "community access," and the facilities cannot be modified to provide the disabled access mandated by law.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The difficulties operating a settlement community and a "residential" community created complications for the Christodora Board of Managers. These financial burdens, coupled with the expansion of public housing, led the building to be sold via condemnation to the City of New York in 1948 for $1.6 million. The city planned to house delinquent boys in the building, operated by the Department of Welfare. However, for reasons which remain unclear the building remained empty or underutilized through 1956.</p><br>
<p>In the mid-1960s, a variety of unsanctioned community activity took place in the lower floors of the buildings. This led to a police raid and closure in 1969, which nonetheless did not stop these unsanctioned activities in the building. In fact, it has been bruited about that the national headquarters of the Black Panthers was housed in the building. Reports are that the building was also used as the setting for several pornographic films. The city sold the property for $62,500 in 1975.</p><br>
<p>By 1986 the building had been sold numerous times, and finally the building began being converted into condominiums. For many area residents, this was the first sign of gentrification.</p><br>
<p>On March 20, 1986, Christodora House was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The August 7, 1988 Tompkins Square Park Riot, provoked partially by the area&#39;s gentrification, spilled over into Christodora House. Rioters chanted "Die Yuppie Scum" in reference to the supposed "yuppie scum" residents of the building. The front doors were smashed and rioters ransacked the lobby of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Famous past or present residents include Walter Tandy Murch, Iggy Pop, Vincent D&#39;Onofrio, Freedy Johnston, Marisa Monte, George Pendle, Andres Levin, Douglas Rushkoff, and Michael Rosen.</p><br>
<p>Hedge fund manager Brian Kim owned and lived in an apartment at Christodora House. He was indicted and arrested in 2009, and accused of stealing $435,000 from the Christodora House condo association in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The West Hill Historic District is a prestigious residential subdivision of the town of West Hartford, Connecticut. Originally the site of the estate of Cornelius J. Vanderbilt, son of transportation magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, it was developed as a planned subdivision of upper-class residences in the 1920s.It was established as a local historic district in 1988 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The West Hill subdivision is located east of West Hartford center, on the north side of Farmingtion Avenue between Vanderbilt Road and Hamilton Avenue. West Hill Drive consists of a semi-circular loop with ends on Farmington Avenue, and a longer loop extending northward from that one. The subdivision is flanked on two sides by a low brownstone wall that was originally part of the Vanderbilt estate, and is entered through original openings flanked by piers. The subdivision has 25 residences, set on properties roughly 0.5 acre in size. All are two stories in height, and of similar massing and setback, although they differ stylistically. Fourteen of the houses are Colonial Revival in style, nine are Tudor Revival, and two are a combination of the two styles. All but two are finished in either brick or stucco.</p><br>
<p>Land for the West Hill estate was purchased in 1857 by "Commodore" Cornelius Vanderbilt as a place for his epileptic son Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt to live. It was not immediately developed, and was sold by the father in 1872 and repurchased by the son in 1879. He had the estate developed, but never lived there, and committed suicide in New York City in 1882. The estate was purchased by Ira Dimock in 1888. Dimocks son demolished the mansion in 1918, and platted out the subdivision. The further development of the area was constrained by a number of restrictive covenants, including stipulations that the wall be retained, setbacks of the house from West Hill Drive be exactly 15 ft, the house cost at least $10,000, and that it be designed by a seller-approved architect. The development process was largely overseen by Dimocks business partner Horace Grant. Early residents of the area were mainly prominent local businessmen.</p><br>
<p>361 Broadway at the corner of Franklin Street and Broadway in the Tribeca neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, formerly known as the James White Building, was built in 1881-82 and was designed by W. Wheeler Smith in the Italianate style. It features a cast-iron facade, and is a good example of late cast-iron architecture. The building was renovated by architect Joseph Pell Lombardi in 2000, and a restoration of the facade began in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The building once housed the offices of Scientific American, but it was primarily used in connection with the textile trade. It is currently occupied by a branch of Nyack College.</p><br>
<p>The building was designated a New York City landmark on July 27, 1982, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 15, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Former New York Life Insurance Company Building, also known as the Clock Tower Building, was built as an office building located at 346 Broadway  between Catherine Lane and Leonard Street, in Manhattan, New York City. Constructed in two stages, from 1868 to 1870 and from 1894 to 1899, it is a New York City Landmark and is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The New York Life Insurance Companys headquarters building was originally built in 1868-1870. It needed to be expanded eastward to Lafayette Street and Stephen Decatur Hatch was engaged for the job. The firm of McKim, Mead & White took over the work, and completed the extension in 1894, following Hatchs design. The company then decided to replace the original building as well, and McKim, Mead & White provided an Italian Renaissance Revival style "palazzo-like" design with a clock tower whose clock was manufactured and installed by the E. Howard Clock Company.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s prominent clocktower was topped with 33-foot tall, eight ton, sculpture made by Philip Martiny, who studied under Augustus Saint-Gaudens. The piece consisted of four, 11-foot tall, crouching figures of Atlas, on whose shoulders rested a 15-foot diameter hollow globe, which was topped off with a 7-foot-tall eagle. The gigantic statue was removed in the late 1940s and has been lost ever since.</p><br>
<p>New York Life left for the New York Life Building on Madison Square Park in 1928. In 1967, the City of New York acquired the building and moved several city agencies along with the Criminal Court, Summons Part there. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and the exterior, interior and historic E. Howard Company clock were all designated New York City landmarks in 1987 by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. The building is also included in the AIA Guide to New York City. In January, 2013 the City of New York sold the building to developers Elad Group and the Peebles Corporation for $160 million.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, the El Ad Group and Peebles Corporation began construction to convert the landmark building into a boutique hotel and private apartment condominiums. The clock was stopped at 10:25 am sometime after March 2015. The clock faces were to be preserved and electrified, but the landmarked, 1895 E. Howard clock mechanism (the largest clock mechanism in the United States) was to be decommissioned and removed. The New York Landmarks Preservation Commission granted a Certificate of Appropriateness, approving plans to close off the tower to the public and to allow the developers to destroy the clock.</p><br>
<p>Opponents, including Save America’s Clocks, along with the Historic Districts Council and the Tribeca Trust, filed an Article 78 proceeding in New York Supreme Court to stop the conversion of the clock tower into a private residence and to save the clock. The primary reasons cited is that the clock tower has always been open to the public and that clock mechanism is one of New York City’s (and the nation&#39;s) few remaining mechanical clocks, and that the mechanism itself is designated landmark. Since 1979, New York City Clockmaster, Marvin Schneider and later his assistant, Forest Markowitz, have wound the clock on a weekly basis.</p><br>
<p>On March 31, 2016, Justice Lynn R. Kotler, of New York State Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Appellants and revoked the New York Landmarks Preservation Commission&#39;s Certificate of Appropriateness. According to the ruling, the Landmark Commission has to power to require the building owner to maintain the mechanical mechanism, and to issue a violation if the clock is transitioned to electrical workings.The case was heard by the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, First Judicial Department on February 23, 2017. A decision is pending.</p><br>
<p>Dalton Commercial Historic District is a historic district in Dalton, Georgia that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1988. Its boundaries were expanded in 2006.</p><br>
<p>It includes the Western and Atlantic Depot, which is separately listed on the NRHP, and course of railway that was site of the Great Locomotive Chase of 1862. The 1852-built railroad depot, at the end of King Street, is Italianate in style and is the oldest building in the district. A 1938-built movie theater is the newest of the contributing resources.</p><br>
<p>Per NRIS, the original listing included 20 acre with 78 contributing buildings and one other contributing structure and one contributing object.</p><br>
<p>The district covers a central business district arranged on a gridiron street plan that is not unlike that of other small Georgia cities. It includes historic government buildings, commercial buildings, and transportation-related facilities.</p><br>
<p>Its three government buildings are the Georgian Revival-styled old Federal Post Office and city hall, and the county fire station, "which represent the presence of federal and local government in Dalton during the early 20th century. City hall, built in 1937, is one of the few major buildings built in Dalton During the 1930s and, as such, reflects the economic stimulation that the WPA and other federal programs were designed to provide during the Depression. These buildings represent three different levels of government and their day-to-day operations in the community."</p><br>
<p>It includes the Wink Theater, a 1938 movie theater featuring Art Moderne styling.</p><br>
<p>It also captures industry that made Dalton the "Tufted Bedspread Capital of the World in the 1930s and 1940s. This was the beginning of the tufted carpet industry for Dalton which today has developed into a worldwide carpet industry."</p><br>
<p>Or per the increase document, the original listing included 85 contributing buildings, 40 non-contributing buildings, and one contributing object. The object was the 15 ft bronze statue of Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston emplaced on Crawford Street in 1912.</p><br>
<p>Per NRIS, the increase included 5 acre with 33 contributing buildings. And it included Italianate and Colonial Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>Or per the increase document, the increase added 27 contributing buildings, and subtracted 19 non-contributing ones.</p><br>
<p>The John Brown Museum, also known as the John Brown State Historic Site and John Brown Cabin, is located in Osawatomie, Kansas. The site is operated by the Kansas Historical Society, and includes the log cabin of Reverend Samuel Adair and his wife, Florella, who was the half-sister of the abolitionist John Brown. Brown lived in the cabin during the twenty months he spent in Kansas and conducted many of his abolitionist activities from there. The museum&#39;s displays tell the story of John Brown, the Adairs and local abolitionists, and include the original cabin, Adair family furnishings and belongings, and Civil War artifacts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When Kansas Territory was established in 1854, newspapers in the North encouraged settlement in the area to ensure that the new state would be free. The land also offered promise to families—the opportunity to cultivate fertile land, enjoy the peaceful countryside, and protect the territory from the spread of slavery.</p><br>
<p>Samuel and Florella Brown Adair held such a dream. Florellas father, Owen Brown, was also the father of the abolitionist John Brown. Owen, a strict Calvinist, was a trustee at Oberlin College. John Browns mother, Ruth Mills Brown, died in 1808, and Owen married Sally Root around 1811. Their children included Florella.</p><br>
<p>Both Samuel and Florella were graduates of Oberlin, a progressive coeducational and biracial college in Ohio. Samuel finished his theology program and the two were married and moved westward, where Samuel sought a position in Osawatomie, Kansas Territory.</p><br>
<p>Five of John Brown&#39;s sons followed the Adairs to Kansas. There they faced severe illness and the strife of "Bleeding Kansas". Brown arrived to help his sons, but did not plan on staying permanently. In Kansas he found a sympathetic group to put his ideas into action. The freestaters and abolitionists rebelled against the controlling proslavery government. They often fought those from Missouri who came into the territory to push proslavery agendas. Osawatomie, near the Missouri border, was attacked and burned by proslavery forces on August 30, 1856. The Adair Cabin, which the family had purchased for $200 in 1854, survived the attack.</p><br>
<p>The Adairs endured much hardship in the territory. As a minister, the Reverend Adair struggled to build his church, the first in Osawatomie and the third Congregational church in Kansas. He provided the walnut lumber and native stone construction materials used for the church building, which was dedicated July 14, 1861. The church still stands today.</p><br>
<p>Florella also led a hard, strenuous life. The log cabin required a dramatic change in lifestyle for the college-educated woman, who had to learn how to do without things to which she was accustomed.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, Samuel was sent to Fort Leavenworth to serve as a military chaplain. Florella took over her husband&#39;s duties at home. Eventually she became ill and joined Samuel in Leavenworth, where she died in 1865.</p><br>
<p>After Florella&#39;s death, Samuel returned to Osawatomie. He helped establish the first mental institution in Kansas, which became Osawatomie State Hospital. There he volunteered his services as chaplain for 11 years. Samuel died in 1898. He left the cabin to his son, Charles Storrs Adair.</p><br>
<h2>Adair Cabin</h2><br>
<p>The Adairs house was a typical rough, frontier log cabin. Its fireplace was used for warmth and cooking. It is believed that the room in back was used to hide escaped slaves. John Browns son, Frederick, died nearby, the first victim of the Battle of Osawatomie. Because of his activities in and around the area, John Brown became known as "Old Osawatomie Brown." Brown stayed in the cabin with the Adairs from time to time. In 1911 the Kansas legislature named the site of the battleground John Brown Memorial Park and moved the cabin to its present site. The stone building that encloses the cabin was built in 1928. In 1963 the Kansas Historical Society became the administrator of the site.</p><br>
<p>The Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank building at 51 Chambers Street between Broadway and Centre Street in the Civic Center neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, was built in 1909-1912 and was designed by Raymond F. Almirall in the Beaux-Arts style. At the time the 17-story structure was the largest bank building in the United States, and was the first skyscraper to use the "H" lay-out, which provided light and air to more parts of the building.</p><br>
<p>The bank itself had been organized in 1850 by Roman Catholic Archbishop John Hughes and the Irish Emigrant Society, with the purpose of protecting the savings of Irish immigrants newly arrived in the city. The current building is the third built by the bank on the same site.</p><br>
<p>The building is now owned by the City of New York. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and both the exterior and the first floor interior were designated New York City landmarks in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank runs through the block between Reade and Chambers Street (measuring 123 feet on Chambers and 125 on Reade). Its first few floors form a base from which the floorplan towers rise. This base is composed of a series of double-height rusticated piers and engaged columns, forming nine bays, resting on a basement story and supporting an entablature. The double height windows of these nine bays light the two-story banking hall within. Panels at their base are adorned with large, high-relief swags; at the top of each bay is a stylized keystone with large guttae; palm frond reliefs adorn it on either side.</p><br>
<p>There are three entrances, a single-story one at either end set in the basement story, and a double-story central entrance rising into the upper portion of the base. The two smaller entrances have plain granite surrounds, with a small amount of stylized ornament and the Bank&#39;s street address at the top. The central entrance, besides a similar plain granite surround, is topped by a segmental pediment enclosing cornucopias and the word "Entrance&quot from it, carved wreaths descend on either side of the entrance surrounds. This central entrance has heavy bronze doors, with new protective glass doors recently placed in front of them. In the narrow window bays on either side of the central entrance bay are original bronze torcheres. The central entrance bay is further demarcated by a large stepped pediment; seated on either side is a large sculpted hunan figure, male on the west and female on the east, each surrounded by sculpted swags. In the center is an enormous coat-of-arms, with the figures of a colonist and an Indian, and the shield of New Amsterdam in between, topped by an eagle.</p><br>
<p>Above the large base, the building rises in an "H-shaped" plan which allows light and air to reach all the office spaces within the tower. From the street there is an impression of twin towers which are capped visually by an ornamental treatment on the top and attic floors.</p><br>
<p>The Bank is no longer used by the company for which it was built. It has joined the ranks of many distinguished buildings surrounding City Hall Park which are now used for municipal offices. It retains, nevertheless, its historical significance as a beneficent institution for the enormous immigrant population of 19th and 20th century New York. As a distinguished Beaux-Arts design applied to the American innovation of the skyscraper, and an ingenious pioneering solution to the problem of bringing light to office users, the Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank stands as an important landmark in the development of 20th century New York architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Liberty Tower, formerly the Sinclair Oil Building, is located at 55 Liberty Street at the corner of Nassau Street in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City was built in 1909–10 as a commercial office building and was designed by Chicago architect Henry Ives Cobb in a Gothic Revival style. It was built on a site adjacent to the New York City Chamber of Commerce Building ; the subsequent New York Federal Reserve Bank building was constructed to the east, across Nassau Street, in 1922. A completely free-standing 33-story building, in 1909 Liberty Tower was the tallest building in the world with such a small footprint. The limestone building is covered in white architectural terracotta ornamented with birds and alligators and other fanciful subjects.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before its construction in 1909, a prior building on the same site housed the offices of the New York Evening Post under editor William Cullen Bryant, and served as the first headquarters of the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, established by Henry Bergh in 1867.</p><br>
<p>President Theodore Roosevelts law office was one of its first commercial tenants after the building opened in 1910. In 1917, an office was leased as cover for German spies seeking to prevent Americas intervention in World War I (then called "The Great War"). The plot involved an attempt to draw the United States into a diversionary war with Mexico and Japan. The plot was exposed on March 1, 1917, with news reports of an intercepted telegram decoded by British cryptographers, the notorious "Zimmermann Telegram", which prompted President Woodrow Wilson to declare war against Germany a month later.</p><br>
<p>Shortly afterward, the entire building was leased by the Sinclair Oil Company, responsible for the Teapot Dome scandal of 1922. Prior to the 1974 Watergate scandal, this was called "the most sensational scandal in the history of American politics," and became the most enduring legacy of Warren G. Harding&#39;s troubled presidency.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the structure, renamed Liberty Tower, was converted from commercial use into a residential building, one of the first such conversions in Manhattan south of Canal Street, by architect Joseph Pell Lombardi. It was designated a New York City landmark in 1982, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 15, 1983.</p><br>
<p>Because the then new principles of "skyscraper" design were not yet fully understood, the building was overbuilt, with its steel foundation anchored deeply into bedrock five stories below street level. This overly sturdy construction helped this tall, slender building withstand the collapse of two World Trade Towers only 220 yards to the west on September 11, 2001, with only minimal damage despite the impact which was measured at the time as a 3.3 magnitude seismic event.</p><br>
<p>A restoration of the building was undertaken from 2007 to 2009.</p><br>
<p>Stanton Street Synagogue, also known as Stanton Street Shul and Congregation Bnai Jacob Anshei Brzezan , is a historic synagogue located at 180 Stanton Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York. It was constructed in 1913 by a landsmanshaft from the town of Brzeżany in southeast Galicia. One of the few surviving tenement-style synagogues, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. That same year, the synagogue&#39;s congregants went to court over an attempt by its rabbi and board members to sell the aging structure to an organization run by a Jesuit priest. The resultant settlement and media attention led to a resurgence in interest in the synagogue. In 2012 its membership stands at about 100 congregants, representing a wide, intergenerational mix. The Stanton Street Synagogue was founded as a traditional, or Orthodox, house of worship and remains so until today.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Jewish immigrants from the Galician town of Brzeżany organized Congregation Bnai Jacob Anshei Brzezan as a mutual aid society in 1894. They built their synagogue on Stanton Street in 1913. The tenement-style synagogue incorporated two existing structures dating to the 1840s, a three-story wood-frame front house and a brick back house, at a cost of $10,000.</p><br>
<p>A decline in the Jewish population of the Lower East Side beginning in the 1930s and accelerating after World War II led to a decline in synagogue membership. In 1952 the synagogue merged with Bnai Joseph Dugel Macheneh Ephraim, founded by Polish-Jewish immigrants from Rymanów and Błażowa.</p><br>
<p>In 1964 the congregation appointed Rabbi Joseph Singer, the Pilzner Rav, as its spiritual leader. mostly without pay.</p><br>
<h3>Aborted sale</h3><br>
<p>Under Singers leadership, the synagogue served as a prayer and meeting place for immigrants and working poor of the Lower East Side, most of them elderly, such as "former sanitation workers, bakers, rag vendors in their seventies and eighties". By 2000, most of the membership had died or moved away, and it was often difficult to gather a minyan (ten-man quorum) for prayer services. In June 2000, Singer and the synagogue board members arranged to sell the rundown building to the National Theatre Workshop of the Handicapped, founded and run by a Jesuit priest, for $1.2 million, a reflection of the rising cost of housing in the neighborhood. Singer did not tell his congregants about the sale until March 2001, when he urged them to merge with a nearby congregation. He was met with fierce resistance. The congregants took the matter to a beis din (rabbinical court), which ruled that the sale could go through and part of the proceeds be used to pay Singers pension. The congregants then took the case to the New York State Supreme Court. On October 29, 2002, the parties settled with an agreement under which Singer would not try to sell the building and the congregants would not demand a financial accounting of the synagogue&#39;s revenues.</p><br>
<h3>Synagogue rebirth</h3><br>
<p>This episode fueled new interest in the aging synagogue and an influx of younger members to its ranks. New synagogue officers were appointed and grants were sought for repairs. In 2012 the majority of members were under the age of 35.</p><br>
<p>In 2002 the synagogue named Rabbi Akiva Herzfeld as part-time rabbi. He previously worked as an applications developer for JPMorgan Chase and Information Builders. and maintaining a Twitter feed and personal blog called Yutopia.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Stanton Street Synagogue is one of the last surviving examples of tenement-style synagogue architecture on the Lower East Side. The three-story building, constructed of stone and brick, is situated on a standard 20 ft by 100 ft tenement lot.</p><br>
<p>Its neoclassical facade has a tripartite design with a central entrance. Four cast-stone pilasters, each two stories high, support an entablature and a pediment upon which the Yiddish name of the synagogue and its date of construction are engraved. The Star of David appears in four places: in an oculus over the main entrance; in a large, circular, stained-glass window over the pediment; engraved onto a stone tablet on the parapet; and atop the stylized wrought-iron gate in front of the building. While the original Star of David design is still visible in the circular windows, most of the original colored glass has broken or fallen out.</p><br>
<p>Behind the front entrance are stairs leading down to the main sanctuary and Kiddush hall. A wooden bimah (readers platform) stands in the center of the sanctuary; the wooden Ark is placed to the north. The sanctuary has a tin ceiling and two skylight domes. The womens gallery, situated on two sides of the sanctuary, is no longer in use. Instead of pews, congregants sit in wood and cast-iron school desk-chairs produced in the early 1900s.</p><br>
<p>Wall paintings around the main sanctuary depict the Zodiac signs for the twelve Hebrew months. Zodiac motifs were once common in synagogues on the Lower East Side, but with the demolition of most of these historic buildings, they are only seen at the Stanton Street Synagogue and the Bialystoker Synagogue. The zodiac paintings are framed by marble pillars, which are in fact trompe loeil art. The wall around the Ark is decorated with folk art paintings of the Tower of David and Rachels Tomb.</p><br>
<p>While the synagogue is now considered viable, its aging structure is in continuous need of repair. The roof and fire escape were renovated by Li/Saltzman Architects in 2006&ndash;2007, and the main sanctuary was renovated by architect Ilan Ohayon in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>In keeping with its open door approach, welcoming lively Jewish culture of all kinds, the synagogue schedules frequent musical performances and events. These include "traditional Jewish music...Jewish rock n roll, klezmer and avant-garde jazz" performances. The synagogue has also hosted art exhibitions. For Shavuot 2004, it commissioned artist David Friedman to produce "Borsch and Coffee: Floral Abstractions", an exhibition of 16 paintings in the downstairs Kiddush hall. Friedman incorporated "pigment, acrylic, ink, spray paint, marker, gold powder and, yes, borsch juice and coffee grounds" into his art, the latter as a tribute to one of the nonagenarian congregants who sets up the coffee and Kiddush on Shabbat mornings.</p><br>
<p>Since 2004, the synagogue has held an annual event, either a Kiddush or sidewalk chalking gathering, memorializing the victims of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire of March 25, 1911. Artists and synagogue board members inscribe the victims names in chalk in front of the victims former homes.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the Stanton Street Shul launched its monthly Stanton Kids tefila, which includes guided prayers for kids, singing, kid-friendly foods, and a special dvar torah by the rabbi.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In the 1970s, On May 6, 2015, Jewish musical artists Shlock Rock and The Maccabeats released a music video remake of Minyan Man, shot in large part at the Stanton Street Synagogue.</p><br>
<p>The Stanton Street Synagogue was also featured in a scene of the 1979 movie, Last Embrace, starring Roy Scheider and Janet Margolin.</p><br>
<p>Lake Ashmere, or Ashmere Lake, is a small lake in rural Berkshire County of Massachusetts, located in Peru and Hinsdale, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Usage</h2><br>
<p>Lake Ashmere is used mostly for recreational purposes. It is owned by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. There are three summer camps located on the lake: Camp Ashmere, a co-ed church operated camp and Camp Danbee, a private girls camp, on the south side and Camp Taconic, a private co-ed camp on the north side of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Ashmere Lake Dam</h2><br>
<p>Ashmere Lake Dam is of earthen construction, a gravity dam. Its length is 1,525 ft. Its capacity is 3,872 acre.ft. Normal storage is 2,076 acre.ft. It drains an area of 4.6 square miles.</p><br>
<h2>Exact Location</h2><br>
<p>The lake is divided by Route 143 which cuts it approximately in half. There is access between the two sides via an aqueduct that is approximately 6 feet in width with a depth of water of about 3 ft. The easiest way to access the lake is by taking Massachusetts State Highway 143 north from USA Route 8 in Hinsdale, MA, from which you can take exits to access vacation and permanent homes on the lake. There is only one public access which is on the extreme south corner of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Kaw Mission is a historic church mission at 500 N. Mission Street in Council Grove, Kansas that was home, school and church to 30 Kaw boys from 1851–1854.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>The site is now administered by the Kansas Historical Society as Kaw Mission State Historic Site. Displays include Kaw items and mid-19th century frontier items and furnishings.</p><br>
<p>The state of Kansas was named for the Kaw (or Kansa). These people lived in the area that is now Kansas for many generations. They were moved to the Neosho Valley where they lived for less than 30 years. Despite an impassioned plea by Chief Allegawaho, the USA government removed the Kaw to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) where they now have tribal lands.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Santa Fe Trail operated as a commerce route between the Missouri and Mexico. The area that is now Kansas was the western limit of American settlement. Trail traffic headed for the Spanish town of Santa Fe, passed through what is now Council Grove. Situated on the Neosho River, the community was a natural stopping place, with water, grass, and timber.</p><br>
<p>It was there in 1825 that the USA government negotiated with the Osages for a passage across their lands. This right-of-way became the Santa Fe Trail, the council with the Osages inspired the town&#39;s name.</p><br>
<p>A treaty with the Kaw in 1846 reduced their lands to a 20-mile square tract that included the present-day Council Grove. Traders and government quickly moved to the new location. Seth M. Hays, the first white settler at Council Grove, established a home and trading post there in 1847 along the Santa Fe Trail.</p><br>
<p>The treaty with the Kaws established an annual payment of $1,000 to advance the education of the Kaws in their own country. In 1850 the Methodist Episcopal Church South, which had ministered to the tribe since 1830, received governmental approval to construct a mission and school building, which was completed by February 1851.</p><br>
<p>The native stone building had two stories, eight rooms, and accommodated 50 student boarders along with teachers, missionaries, and farmers. School began in May 1851 under the direction of Thomas Sears Huffaker, a 24-year-old teacher who had served at the Shawnee Manual Labor School near present-day Kansas City. Students received instruction in spelling, reading, writing, and arithmetic. The boys learned the principles of agriculture, but they received no instruction in the trades.</p><br>
<p>Classes continued until 1854, when the schools excessive fees--$50 a student—led to its closure. The Kaw people considered the missions purpose degrading and sent only those boys who were orphans or dependents of the tribe. Girls were not allowed to attend the mission.</p><br>
<p>A subsequent change in 1859 further reduced the Kaw land to a 9- by 14-mile tract. The Kaw lands were relinquished in the 1870s, and the tribe moved to a reservation in present-day Oklahoma.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Huffaker bought the mission lands in 1865, which he owned for 14 years. In 1926 when Carl I. Huffaker, Thomas&#39; son, bought the part on which the mission building stands.</p><br>
<p>In 1951, the Kansas legislature authorized the purchase of the mission property. The Kansas Historical Society administers the mission.</p><br>
<p>The Theodore A. Pappas House is a Frank Lloyd Wright designed Usonian house in St. Louis, Missouri. The Pappas house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, when it was only 15 years old. It is one of two houses in St. Louis designed by Wright, the only Usonian Automatic in Missouri. Wright designed it between 1955 and 1959 at the Pappas’ request, and Theodore and Bette Pappas built the house together with the help of day laborers between 1960 and 1964. The Pappas house is a rambling four-bedroom house, and after the Gerald B. and Beverley Tonkens House, is the largest of the Usonian Automatics built.</p><br>
<p>The entire body of the Pappas House, including the roof is made up of plain concrete blocks standardized to a module. These blocks were placed on top of and next to one another with no mortar. The hidden sides of each block had hollows through which steel rods were inserted, running vertically and horizontally, creating a "knit" effect. Grout was used to fill the hollows after the rods were in place. Theoretically, all elements of the house could be manufactured and sent to the owners as a sort of “do-it-yourself” kit, the “automatic” aspect of an Usonian Automatic. However, metal molds for the blocks were not available, and the blocks had to be cast in molds created by a local craftsman. The concrete was pretinted according to Wright&#39;s idea that color should be in and not on the surface. The color scheme throughout the house is monochromatic, a warm natural, earthen color, complemented by a uniform unstained Philippine mahogany for trim and built in furniture.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, Bette Pappas wrote a book titled "No Passing Fancy" about her house.</p><br>
<p>The Ottendorfer Public Library and Stuyvesant Polyclinic Hospital are two adjoining historic buildings located at 135 and 137 2nd Avenue in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The buildings were built in 1883-84 and were designed as a pair by German-born architect William Schickel. They were designed in the neo-Italian Renaissance style, with Philadelphia pressed brick facades ornamented in terra cotta, a relatively new building material to New York. The buildings were a gift to the City of New York by philanthropists Oswald Ottendorfer, a German immigrant and publisher of the Staats-Zeitung, the city&#39;s largest German-language newspaper, and his wife Anna Ottendorfer.</p><br>
<p>The Ottendorfer Library was the second branch of the New York Free Circulating Library, and is currently the oldest library in the city to occupy its original building. It opened on December 7, 1884. Even before the library opened, the Ottendorfers had donated their own collection of books to the NYFL.</p><br>
<p>The Stuyvesant Clinic was originally known as the "German Dispensary", and was affiliated with the German Hospital uptown, now Lenox Hill Hospital. It provided free medical care to German immigrants on the Lower East Side on the model of the Northern Dispensary in Greenwich Village. In 1905, the German Hospital began plans to build a dispensary uptown, closer to the hospital, and better located to serve the growing German population of Yorkville. It sold the building in 1906 to another medical charity, the German Polyklinik. This name was changed to "Stuyvesant Polyclinic" due to the anti-German sentiment connected with the entrance of the United States into World War I.</p><br>
<p>The hospital building features terra cotta busts of Hippocrates, Aulus Cornelius Celsus, Alexander von Humboldt, Linnaeus, and Antoine Lavoisier, among others.</p><br>
<p>The Stuyvesant Polyclinic building was designated a New York City landmark in 1976, and the Ottendorfer Library in 1977, with its interior being designated in 1981. Both buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Boas is a river on Southampton Island in Nunavut, Canada. The river rises at 64&deg;49&prime;58&Prime;N latitude, 084&deg;23&prime;34&Prime;W longitude and its mouth is located at the Bay of Gods Mercy. Proceeding inland, the river becomes braided and is about 5 km wide.</p><br>
<p>It is named after anthropologist Franz Boas.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>There are rich sedge meadows in the river&#39;s 2 mi-wide delta area.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Bearded seal, bowhead whale, harbor seal, narwhal, polar bear, ringed seal, walrus, and white whale frequent the area.</p><br>
<p>Boas River and associated wetlands is a Canadian Important Bird Area, site #NU022 (63.75&deg; latitude, -85.66&deg; longitude). The elevation varies from 0 m to 60 m above sea level. The IBA is 5,402 km&sup2; in size. The Harry Gibbons Migratory Bird Sanctuary encompasses one third of the IBA&#39;s western portion.</p><br>
<p>This is a notable breeding area for the lesser snow goose. Other bird species include:</p><br>
<p>American golden plover, Arctic loon, Atlantic brant, Canada goose, herring gull, jaegers, king eider, Lapland longspur, oldsquaw, red phalarope, red-throated loon, Ross&#39;s goose, tundra swan, sandhill crane, semipalmated plover, semipalmated sandpiper, and white-rumped sandpiper.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area was populated by Sadlermiut until the early 20th century when they were wiped out by an epidemic.</p><br>
<p>The Spring Creek Reservoir is the artificial lake created by the construction of the Spring Creek Dam across Spring Creek in the Shasta-Trinity National Forest of Shasta County, California, adjacent to Keswick.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is used mostly for flood control storage, and is rarely filled to its 5,870 acre.ft capacity. During the dry season, water from Spring Creek pools in a small, stagnant pond retained behind the dam, depositing contaminated sediment and acidic mine waste in the reservoir space. When flows from the Shasta Dam, upstream on the Sacramento River, are sufficient to flush contaminated water away, water held in the reservoir is released through the outlet works into the Keswick Reservoir and the Sacramento River. Despite this operation strategy, the reservoir was eventually deemed inadequate for the watershed, and can be filled to capacity by a single heavy storm event. Uncontrollable spills frequently poured into the Sacramento River during floods, through the crest spillway of the dam, which lacks gates. As a result, numerous fish kills have occurred during these sudden releases of contaminants, a major one of which was in 1969.</p><br>
<p>The Joaquin Miller Cabin is an historic structure situated in Washington, DC&#39;s Rock Creek Park. Built by the American poet, essayist and fabulist Joaquin Miller, it represents the only known example of late 19th century Rustic-style log cabin in Washington, D.C. It is a Classified Structure within Rock Creek Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1883, Joaquin Miller (1837–1913) moved to Washington, DC to get involved in politics.</p><br>
<p>He built the cabin near the intersection of 16th and Belmont Streets, NW across from present day Meridian Hill Park to find rustic peace and "find his muse". Miller is known to have occupied the cabin from 1883 to late 1885 when he left for California.</p><br>
<p>Meridian Hill Park, Points of Interest, National Park Service site</p><br>
<p>In 1911, the area near Meridian Hill Park was being developed and Henry White, the former ambassador to France, was building an estate on land that included the cabin. The state of California and the Columbia Historical Society sought to save the structure from demolition and have it moved to Rock Creek Park. The board of the National Park Service refused the request but Senator John D. Works, and Joseph R. Knowland of California successfully intervened to force the Park Service to move the cabin to its present location near the east bank of Rock Creek one half mile north of Military Road.</p><br>
<p>In acquiescing to the public campaign to save the cabin the Board of Control for the Park insisted that they be allowed to use the cabin as a shelter and reserved the right to remove the cabin at any time. The cabin was initially used as a shelter and dedicated on June 2, 1912 with ceremonies featuring members of California&#39;s congressional delegation and Senator Weldon B. Heyburn of Idaho.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, the cabin was leased to the poet&#39;s niece, Pherne Miller, who sold beverages and food and conducted art classes in the cabin until the mid-1950s.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Joaquin Miller Cabin is an example of vernacular architecture and a rare log cabin structure in the Nation&#39;s Capital. The exterior of the L-shaped cabin was constructed of split logs and chinking with a fieldstone fireplace at the center of the cabin. The cabin was painstakingly deconstructed and moved in 1911.</p><br>
<h2>Miller Cabin Series</h2><br>
<p>Since 1973 the cabin has played host to the oldest continuous reading series in Washington through the Miller Cabin Poetry Series run by nonprofit literary and educational organization Word Works. In 1978 the series was held inside the cabin, until they outgrew the space. The readings are now held outdoors. The series has been documented in two anthologies of the participating poets, Whose Woods These Are and Cabin Fever: Poets at Miller&#39;s Cabin. Sample poems in the Miller Cabin series include by David Wolinsky.</p><br>
<p>The Shaw River is an ephemeral river in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. It was named by explorer F.T. Gregory on 21 August 1861 after Norton Shaw, Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society.</p><br>
<p>The headwaters of the river rise below the Chichester Range near Emu Springs and flow in a northerly direction through Hillside. The river is braided and has many islands in the riverbed including Long Island and Rocky Island. The river continues through Gorge Range and flows north until discharging into the De Grey River, of which it is a tributary, just south of the North West Coastal Highway approximately 50 km East of Port Hedland.</p><br>
<p>The river has 23 tributaries including Big Creek, Tambourah Creek, Coolargarrak Creek, Dalton Creek and Miralga Creek. It also flows through one major pool; Coondina Pool.</p><br>
<p>During drought conditions the river can have zero flow for up to 4 years at a time.</p><br>
<p>The water quality of the river is dependent on flow but has an average salinity of 110 mg/L and a turbidity of 78 NTU.</p><br>
<p>The Chichester Range is a range in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.</p><br>
<p>The range rises abruptly from the coastal plain and is composed of rolling hills, escarpments, jagged peaks, gorges and winding tree-lined watercourses.</p><br>
<p>The range is best described as an escarpment with a height of 350 m forming a tableland behind that slope gently to the South until it runs into the Hamersley Range. The steep escarpment is defined by a jumble of weathered basalts and granophyres</p><br>
<p>The highest point of the Chichester Range is Mount Herbert with a height of 367 m, the peak takes about 45 minutes to climb and a car park is at the base of the peak. The peak is also on the route of the Chichester Range Camel trail, a tourist attraction that is operated on the range that finishes at Python&#39;s Pool. The range is part of the Millstream-Chichester National Park, along with Millstream station that is one of the few permanent watercourses in the area.</p><br>
<p>Geologically the range is made up of a mixture sandstone, igneous rocks, and mineralised banded iron formation, being part of the Pilbara Craton.</p><br>
<p>The area was named by the explorer Francis Thomas Gregory in 1861 after the Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies Chichester Fortescue.</p><br>
<p>The traditional owners of the area are the Bailgu or Palyku peoples, who speak the Yinjibarndi language</p><br>
<p>The range is the basis of two major river basins; the Fortescue Basin and the Port Hedland coast Basin.</p><br>
<p>The Port Hedland Coast Basin is the catchment area for many rivers including the Harding River, Sherlock River, Yule River and Shaw River.</p><br>
<p>The Fulton–Nassau Historic District is a federally designated historic area of New York City roughly bounded by Broadway and Park Row, Nassau, Dutch and William Streets, Ann and Spruce Streets, and Liberty Street, in lower Manhattan. It contains a mix of late 19th- and early 20th-century architectural styles. The historic district lies just south of City Hall Park and east of lower Broadway. It is a historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Contained within the 10 block area of the Fulton–Nassau Historic District are many properties which have individually been designated New York City Landmarks by the Landmarks Preservation Commission, including the 63 Nassau Street Building, the Keuffel & Esser Company building, the Bennett Building (139 Fulton Street), the Park Row Building, the Potter Building (35-38 Park Row), and the New York Times Building (41 Park Row), among others.</p><br>
<p>The Wall and Hanover Building located at 63 Wall Street in New York City was built in 1929. It was designed by architects Delano & Aldrich and has 37 floors.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was built, owned and occupied as the headquarters of Brown Brothers & Co., a merchant bank that became Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., a private bank, by merger in 1931. BBH continued to occupy the building, then known as 59 Wall Street, until 2003 when it moved to 140 Broadway. BBH established a family of mutual funds in 1983 and named it after the building, as "59 Wall Street Funds". That fund family was later renamed "BBH Funds" in 2002 when the company made plans to relocate its headquarters.</p><br>
<p>In 2003 and 2004, the building was converted to residential rental apartments by Metro Loft Management. The leasing company rebranded the building as The Crest, named for the ornate circular depictions on the outside of the building, and began using the address 63 Wall Street. The ground floor of the building is now retail space, including the United States Post Office for zip code 10005.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 16, 2005.</p><br>
<p>Today, 63 Wall Street is held by Luxembourg-based Eastbridge Group (through DTH Capital) and AG Real Estate.</p><br>
<p>The Elwood Haynes Museum is a museum in the former mansion owned by Elwood Haynes located in Kokomo, Indiana. Haynes was an inventor who is credited with being the first to produce cars commercially in 1894. He also invented stainless steel and stellite. He became a millionaire in 1916 and had the mansion located on south Webster Street built, where he lived until his death in 1925.</p><br>
<p>In 1957, the mansion was sold by Elwoods son, March Haynes, to Martin J. Caserio, General Manager of Delco Radio Division of General Motors, who lived in it with his family. When Caserio was transferred to Detroit in 1964, GM purchased the house in the Executive Relocation Program and it stood vacant until 1965 when it was purchased by Elwood Haynes daughter, Bernice Haynes Hillis, who donated it to the city of Kokomo for the purpose it currently serves today. Since 1967 it has been open to the public and the museum curators have collected many of Haynes original inventions to display in the building. Also housed in the museum are over 15,000 documents and photographs from Haynes personal and business correspondence dating from 1877. The museum features exhibits on the life of Haynes and is open the public who can tour the building. His private laboratory is located across the street but is currently a private residence and cannot be toured.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
